4E-BP1  4E binding protein  AMPK  AMP-activated protein kinase  ATF6  activating transcription factor 6  ATP  adenosine triphosphate  DEPTOR  DEP domain containing mTOR-interacting protein  CI  complexes I  CII  complex II  CIII  complex III  CIV  complex IV  CV  complex V  eIF2α  Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α  ER  Endoplasmic Reticulum  ERAD  ER-associated degradation  ERO1α  ER oxidoreductase 1 α  FoxO1  Forkhead box O1  GβL  G Protein β Subunit Like Protein  GRP78  78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor  GSIS  glucose-stimulated insulin secretion  IRE1  Inositol-requiring enzyme 1  IRS1  Insulin receptor substrate 1  IRS2  Insulin receptor substrate 2  mLST8  mammalian lethal with sec-13 protein 8  mSin1  the mammalian stress-activated MAP kinase-interaction protein 1  mtDNA  mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid  mTOR  mammalian TOR  mTORC1  mTOR complex 1  mTORC2  mTOR complex 2  NADPH oxidase  Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase  NOS  nitric oxide synthase  O2–·  superoxide anion  H2O2  hydrogen peroxide  OH·  hydroxyl radical  3O2  triplet-state molecular oxygen  OXPHOS  oxidative phosphorylation  CAT  catalase  GPx  glutathioneperoxidase  PERK  Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase  PDI  ER protein disulfide isomerases  PI3K  the phosphoinositide3-kinase  PRAS40  40-kDa proline-rich Akt substrate  PRAS40  the 40-kDa proline-rich Akt substrate  PROTOR  the protein observed with RICTOR  RAPTOR  regulatory-associated protein of mTOR  RICTOR  The rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR  REDD1  DNA damage response 1  RNS  reactive nitrogen species  ROS  reactive oxygen species  RNS  reactive nitrogen species  S6K  S6 kinase  SOD  superoxidedismutase  T1DM  Type 1 diabetes mellitus  T2DM  Type 2 diabetes mellitus  TOR  the target of rapamycin  TSC2  Tuberous sclerosis 2  UPR  unfolded protein response  Mitochondrial oxidative stress  ER stress  mTOR  Pancreatic β cells  

ATG, autophagy related,BCL2L1/Bcl-xL, BCL2-like 1,BECN1,BECN1, beclin 1, autophagy related,BECN1P1/BECN2, beclin 1, autophagy related, pseudogene 1,BafA1, bafilomycin A1,EM, electron microscopy,FYVE domain containing 1,GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GFP, green fluorescent protein,KO, knockout,LC3,MAP1LC3-I/LC3-I, soluble, proteolytically processed microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,MAP1LC3-II/LC3-II, proteolytically processed and lipid-modified microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3,MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta,PIK3C3/VPS34, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, catalytic subunit type 3,PIK3R4/VPS15, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 4,PtdIns3K,PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,SQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1,TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease,TUBB, tubulin, beta class I,UVRAG, UV radiation resistance associated,ZFYVE1/DFCP1, zinc finger,autophagosome,autophagy  

TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR  FORMOSUM SSP PRUNIFLORUM  L-TYPE PROTEASE  RXR-ALPHA  NUCLEAR EXPORT  SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION  XANTHONE DERIVATIVES  9-CIS-RETINOIC ACID  IN-SITU  CANCER