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题名磁共振图像形态学分析的研究及其在视觉疾病和抑郁症中的应用
作者李猛
学位类别工学博士
答辩日期2012-07-09
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点中国科学院自动化研究所
导师王春恒
关键词磁共振成像 白质纤维束 外侧膝状体 抑郁症 Magnetic Resonance Imaging White Matter Fiber Tract Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Major Depressive Disorder
其他题名Morphometry Analysis and Its Clinical Applications in Optic Neuropathy and Depression Using Magentic Resonance Imaging
学位专业模式识别与智能系统
中文摘要随着现代影像技术的发展,人们对脑结构、脑功能及其在神经疾病中生理、病理变化的研究发生了根本性的变化。磁共振成像以其无创伤性、无放射性和高度的软组织分辨力等特点逐渐成为临床和基础研究的重要手段。本文重点探讨了基于磁共振图像的脑形态学与功能分析的相关方法,以及在多种神经疾病研究中的应用。主要研究工作包括以下几个方面: (1).本文提出了一个基于扩散张量成像(DTI)的视神经和视辐射纤维束分析框架。该框架通过对成像参数的优化,克服了视神经因眼球不自主颤动及周围筛窦组织造成的伪影问题;提出了一个基于多感兴趣区的视辐射纤维束提取方法,通过与解剖学先验知识的结合,实现了对视辐射纤维束有效地定位和提取。采用了一种基于多模态数据的配准算法,建立了不同个体间视神经、视辐射的对应关系。我们将该框架应用在对特发性脱髓鞘性视神经炎(IDON)患者视神经和视辐射变化的研究中。研究结果表明,与正常对照组相比,急性期患者和缓解期患者的视神经扩散张量指标存在着不同的显著性变化——急性期IDON首发病例视神经的FA值降低,λ⊥<下标!> 值升高。缓解期IDON(包括首发和复发)病例视神经的FA值降低,MD值、λ∥<下标!>值和λ_⊥<下标!> 值均显著升高。同时,与正常对照组相比,病程少于一年的患者和病程超过一年的患者视辐射的扩散指标也存在显著差异。该研究显示了DTI指标对视神经在IDON早期变化的敏感性及辅助临床早期诊断和评估的可行性。 (2).外侧膝状体(LGN)是视觉传导通路的一个重要组成部分,但是它结构复杂,尺寸细小,难以识别。本文提出了一种基于磁共振结构像的LGN半自动分割算法。该算法结合解剖学先验知识,通过灰度不均匀性矫正,图像增强等手段识别出与LGN相关的标志性解剖结构,进而利用区域增长算法实现了在活体影像中对LGN的定位和测量。该算法在临床数据中的结果验证了其良好的可靠性和较高的准确率。该方法在55名健康被试中的测量结果表明LGN体积与年龄之间存在显著的负相关性,提示视觉功能的退化可能存在神经系统方面的因素。研究同时也发现了健康被试LGN体积的侧别差异,提示与个体优势眼之间的潜在关系。此外,在视外伤患者的研究结果表明,视外伤1个月和3个月的患者健眼侧和患眼侧的LGN的体积没有显著差别。但是与正常对照组相比,外伤1个月和3个月之内的患者LGN体积(双侧之和)出现了显著地下降。 (3).本文提出了一种在全脑体素,纤维束骨架和感兴趣区三个层面上开展白质纤维束研究的方案,并应用在对重症抑郁症(MDD)的研究中。结果证实了MDD患者组右侧顶叶区扩散FA值存在着显著下降。我们又考察了中央中核,丘脑背内侧核团与多个丘脑区域和皮层区之间的白质连接的变化。结果表明MDD组双侧中央中核与基底节内的壳核之间纤维束的FA值出现显著下降,且差异性与病情的严重程度——HAMD指标密切相关。此外,我们也发现中央中核与基底节内的壳核和苍白球之间纤维束FA值与HAMD存在显著正相关;而丘脑背内侧核团与背外侧前额叶之间纤维束FA值与HAMD存在显著负相关。 (4).本文提出了...
英文摘要With remarkable progress of neuroimaging techniques, more flexible methods have been used to investigate on the morphometry and functional of brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a non-invasive and in vivo technique, has been widely used to study the structural anatomy and functional activity in the brain associated with neurological disorders. In this paper, we focus on the analysis of brain morphometry, functional and its clinical applications based-on MRI. This paper is presented with the highlights of the following sections. (1). We first presented a framework for optic nerve and optic radiation analysis using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Within this framework, an optimized scanning protocol was performed to overcome the ghost images of optic nerve, caused by the eye-movement and fat-air interface. Secondly, a multi-ROI (region of interest) method was presented to extract the fiber tracts of optic radiation by combing the prior knowledge. Thirdly, a registration algorithm for optic nerve, optic radiation based-on the multi-modality data was developed. The framework was applied on the study of patients with idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON). The results showed that, compared with the controls, there were different changes of DTI indices in optic nerve between patients with IDON in acute stage and the ones in subacute. In acute stage, both first-episode and recurrent patients showed significantly increased radial diffusivity (λ⊥<下标!>) and decreased mean FA in the affected nerves. In contrast, reduced FA, increased λ⊥<下标!>, mean diffusion and λ∥<下标!> were determined in patients with subacute IDON. Moreover, compared with the controls, we found there was no significant difference in the directional diffusivity of optic radiation in patients with disease duration of less than one year. However, significant changes in the FA and λ⊥<下标!> of the optic radiation were detected in patients with disease duration more than one year. These results show the great potential and capacity of DT-MRI measures as useful biomarkers and indicators for the evaluation of myelin injury in the IDON. (2). To measure the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) precisely, a semiautomatic LGN segmentation method was developed on scans obtained with 1.5T MR imaging, which involves image enhancement, highlighting the surrounding landmarks, obtaining candidate LGN voxels with a region-growing algorithm, and isolat...
语种中文
其他标识符200818014628041
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.ia.ac.cn/handle/173211/6480]  
专题毕业生_博士学位论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
李猛. 磁共振图像形态学分析的研究及其在视觉疾病和抑郁症中的应用[D]. 中国科学院自动化研究所. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012.
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