Enzymatic DNA oxidation: mechanisms and biological significance

	Enzymatic DNA oxidation: mechanisms and biological significance
	Xu, GL; Walsh, CP
刊名	BMB REPORTS
	2014
卷号	47 期号:11 页码:609-618
关键词	DNA demethylation Epigenetic reprogramming Tet dioxygenase TDG 5hmC
通讯作者	Xu, GL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biochem & Cell Biol, State Key Lab Mol Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China.,glxu@sibcb.ac.cn ; cp.walsh@ulster.ac.uk
英文摘要	DNA methylation at cytosines (5mC) is a major epigenetic modification involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes in mammals. How methylation is reversed was until recently poorly understood. The family of dioxygenases commonly known as Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) proteins are responsible for the oxidation of 5mC into three new forms, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Current models link Tet-mediated 5mC oxidation with active DNA demethylation. The higher oxidation products (5fC and 5caC) are recognized and excised by the DNA glycosylase TDG via the base excision repair pathway. Like DNA methyltransferases, Tet enzymes are important for embryonic development. We will examine the mechanism and biological significance of Tet-mediated 5mC oxidation in the context of pronuclear DNA demethylation in mouse early embryos. In contrast to its role in active demethylation in the germ cells and early embryo, a number of lines of evidence suggest that the intragenic 5hmC present in brain may act as a stable mark instead. This short review explores mechanistic aspects of TET oxidation activity, the impact Tet enzymes have on epigenome organization and their contribution to the regulation of early embryonic and neuronal development.
学科主题	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
类目[WOS]	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
关键词[WOS]	EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS ; ZYGOTIC PATERNAL GENOME ; GENE-EXPRESSION ; TET PROTEINS ; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE OXIDATION ; POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT ; ACTIVE DEMETHYLATION ; METHYLATION PATTERNS ; MAMMALIAN ZYGOTE ; HUMAN BRAIN
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000345347400002
内容类型	期刊论文
版本	出版稿
源URL	[http://202.127.25.143/handle/331003/241]
专题	上海生化细胞研究所_上海生科院生化细胞研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Xu, GL,Walsh, CP. Enzymatic DNA oxidation: mechanisms and biological significance[J]. BMB REPORTS,2014,47(11):609-618.
APA	Xu, GL,&Walsh, CP.(2014).Enzymatic DNA oxidation: mechanisms and biological significance.BMB REPORTS,47(11),609-618.
MLA	Xu, GL,et al."Enzymatic DNA oxidation: mechanisms and biological significance".BMB REPORTS 47.11(2014):609-618.