| 题名 | 河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区暖温带落叶阔叶林物种多样性及C、N循环特征研究 |
| 作者 | 万五星 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2014-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 王效科 |
| 关键词 | 暖温带落叶阔叶林 环境因子 群落特征 生物量 C 河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区 environmental factors community character biomass feature of carbon and nitrogen cycle Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve N循环特征 warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest ecosystems |
| 其他题名 | Species diversity and carbon-nitrogen cycle of warm temperate broad-leaved forest ecosystem in Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve |
| 学位专业 | 生态学 |
| 中文摘要 | 尽管对生态系统的生物多样性和生物地球化学循环国内外已经开展了大量研究，但生物多样性和生物地球化学循环的相互关系目前还研究很少。本研究以河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区暖温带落叶阔叶林为研究对象，通过对落叶阔叶林样地植被群落和土壤调查以及典型样地的温室气体排放测定，分析了土壤理化指标、土壤代谢水平、植物群落结构、物种多样性特征、生态系统生物量、生态系统 C、N库及以土壤 CO2、N2O、CH4通量的区域变化规律及其影响因素，探讨了落叶阔叶林生态系统的物种多样性、生物量以及 C、N循环状态等彼此之间存在的相互关系及其与环境因子、土壤性质等的关系，得到了以下主要研究结果： （1）研究区土壤属于森林棕壤，绝大多数 pH<7，呈酸性。土壤硝化速率和反硝化速率在不同样地间存在差异显著。土壤含水率、TN、TC、碱解氮、土壤有机质均随海拔升高而升高；土壤容重随海拔升高而降低。 （2）研究区域暖温带落叶阔叶林常见乔木树种约 41种，山杨（ Populus davidiana）、白桦（Betula platyphylla）、硕桦（Betula costata）、蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）为该研究区域暖温带落叶阔叶林生物群落的最优势树种。灌木层物种数、盖度及密度、草本层植物密度以及灌木层和草本层植物的 Simpson物种多样性指数等均与乔木层的组成结构及物种多样性特征存在显著相关关系。各层植物的密度、盖度、物种数等指标随海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位的变化而存在差异。乔木层物种多样性与土壤含水率和土壤容重存在显著相关关系，草本层植物的组成结构及物种多样性特征与土壤含水率、土壤容重、pH、土壤 TC、TN、土壤碱解氮含量等土壤理化指标存在显著相关。 （3）研究区最大的 C、N库是森林土壤，其次是乔木层植物。本研究建立了暖温带森林 15种林下灌木的相对生长模型，并得出了该研究区域多数灌木的普适相对生长模型。地上生物量以乔木层占绝对优势。乔木生物量随海拔升高而增加；灌木层生物量与坡度呈正相关关系；各层生物量不同坡向间存在显著差异。各层生物量不但与群落层组成结构存在相关关系，而且与土壤容重、TC、TN、碱解氮及土壤有机质含量、土壤含水率等存在相关关系。 （4）土壤 CO2、CH4、N2O等温室气体排放通量与土壤水分、热环境及土壤理化特性有一定相关关系，并与群落结构、生物多样性特征及生态系统生物量等存在关系。土壤 CH4排放随土壤温度和水分变化存在季节性“源”和“汇”差异，土壤 CH4排放通量在 4月表现为“源”，其他季节均表现为“汇”，吸收的峰值出现在 7月下旬；土壤 CO2排放年动态过程为单峰曲线，夏季最高；土壤 N2O排放通量在 3月最高，其次是在湿热的夏季；CO2通量与土壤 5cm温 度相关性最高，N2O通量与表层土含水率相关性最高。土壤 CH4、N2O、CH4排放通量与土壤理化性质、群落组成结构、物种多样性特征及各层生物量之间存在一定程度的相关关系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Though studies about spcies diversity and biogeochemical cycle of diverse kind of ecosystems have already been established comprehensively all over the world, the research on the relationship between the two aspects has been sedomly seen. Taking broad-leaved deciduous forest of the warm temperate zone in Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve as the study objects, using Typical Sample Plot method, we made 49 permanent sample plots to establish our study. And all the plots will be used for dynamic study in the future. The contents of our research includes natural environmental factors, such as altitude, slope grade, slope aspect and slope position,soil physical and chemical indicators, metabolic characteristics of soil, structure of the plant community, species diversity of the different layer of the plant communities, biomass composition pattern and carbon-nitrogen pools of the ecosystems, the character of Green House Gases flux of CO2, N2O and CH4. The primary research goal of our study is to find the basic relationship among the diverse indicators of different levels in the warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest ecosystems. And we hope the results and conclusions could provide the basis for the further mechanism research of the ecosystems. The study results are as follow: The difference of basic soil physical and chemical indicators among the ecosystems is significant. And the indicators have remarkable relationship with altitude of the plots. Soil type of the study ecosystems is brown forest soil. Most soil of the studied ecosystems belong to acid soil and pH<7. The difference of nitrification rate and denitrification rate among study plots is significant (p<0.05). Soil water content, TN, TC, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil organic matter content raise with the rising of the plot altitude. Volume weight of soil falls with the rising of the altitude. The compositional structure and species diversity character of the arbor layer has dominant influence effect on the correlative features of the studied communities. And the community indicators have remarkable relationship with the natural environmental factors and the soil physical and chemical indicators. There are about 41 common arbor species in the warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forests of the study region. Quercus mongolica, Betula costata, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla are dominant tree species in this kind of ecosystems. The study results show that it has significant relationship between the community composition pattern, species diversity index and the species number, species density, coverage of the shrub layer, species density of the herb layer plants, Simpson’s species diversity index of the shrub layer and the herb layer plants. Species number, species density and coverage of each layer show different character with the change of the altitude, slope grade, slope aspect and slope position. The basic soil physical and chemical indicators as soil water content,volume weight of soil, pH, TN, TC, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen has relationship with community composition pattern and species diversity of herb layer plants only, except that soil water content and volume weight of soil has relationship with that of arbor layer. Biomass of the warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forests has significant relationship with the environmental factors and the composition and structure of the communities. The biggest carbon and nitrogen pool of the ecosystem is forest soil and the arbor plant is secondary. Using relative growth method, we created allometric of 15 common shrub species in this region which can help us to estimate biomass of shrub plants accurately. And then, we got a universal allometric model for most of the shrub species which can provide us a convenient method to estimate the shrub biomass in this study region. Above ground biomass is dominated by arbor layer plants and which rises with the rising of altitude. Biomass of the shrub layer plants has significant positive relationship with the slope grade. The biomass of the diverse layer plants changes with slope aspects. Soil water content, volume weight of soil, pH, TN, TC, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and soil organic matter content has relationship with the biomass of different layer plants. Biomass of different layer plants has relationship with community composition and structure. More than 70 percent of the C and N deposit in the forest soil of the warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest ecosystem. The total carbon pool of the ecosystem in Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve is 3.06×107t and the nitrogen pool of it is 1.85×106t. 70.91% C and 97.62% N of the total deposit in the forest soil of 0～40cm. Biomass of the herb layer is the minimum and shrub layer comes second. The forest soil GHG flux of CO2, N2O and CH4 has great and complex relationship with environmental temperature, soil water content and soil physical and chemical indicators. Community composition and structure, species diversity character and biomass of the ecosystem can also affect the feature of GHG flux. Environmental temperature, soil water content and the daily change of GHG flux are different in seasons. Among them, the CH4 flux shows the character of source or sink in different seasons. The other 2 are always the source of GHG flux during the study period. The process of CO2 shows the feature of unimodal curve in the year. And the peak value of it is in the humid hot summer. But the peak value of N2O shows in March, when the forest soil is during the process of freezing and thawing alternating. The flux of CH4 shows the feature of source in April and sink in other seasons. The peak value of sink comes in late July. The flux of CO2 has the greatest relationship with the 5cm soil temperature and the flux of N2O is with the surface soil water content. The relationship between CH4 flux and the environmental temperature or the surface soil water content is complex and unclear. The flux of the 3 GHG has special and complex relationship with soil physical and chemical indicators, community composition and structure, species diversity character and biomass of the different layer of the ecosystem. By and large, it has comprehensive and complex relationship among the natural environmental factors, soil physical and chemical indicators, status of soil metabolism, feature of community composition and structure, character of species diversity, amount and compositional structure of biomass of diverse layer in the ecosystem, process of GHG flux in the warm temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest ecosystems in Hebei Wulingshan National Natural Reserve. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-07-07 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15634]  |
| 专题 | 生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 万五星. 河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区暖温带落叶阔叶林物种多样性及C、N循环特征研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014. |
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