基于电子轰击式CCD的大动态条纹相机研究和读出电路设计

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题名	基于电子轰击式CCD的大动态条纹相机研究和读出电路设计
作者	朱敏
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2015-05-06
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	田进寿
关键词	大动态条纹相机电子轰击式CCD 低噪声读出电路动态范围空间分辨率
学位专业	物理电子学
中文摘要	为了实现对更弱、以及物理量跨度更大的信号探测，满足材料、生物、信息、半导体物理以及能源等重大科学领域对诊断精密化的进一步需求，需要提高条纹相机的动态范围、空间分辨率和信噪比。为此，本文研制了基于电子轰击式CCD(EBCCD)的大动态条纹相机。在全面分析影响条纹相机系统动态范围的主要因素的基础上，本文首先对大动态条纹变像管的管型进行了选取，即采用结构为矩形框电极和电四极透镜的电子光学系统，该结构的空间聚焦（狭缝方向）和时间聚焦（扫描方向）相对分立，可以降低空间电荷效应，减小电子渡越时间，提高条纹变像管的动态范围和信噪比。引入了电子轰击式CCD（EBCCD）的概念，讲述了背照式CCD（BCCD）的结构和工作原理，分别介绍了EBCCD和ICCD，以突出EBCCD的优越性能。指出了传统条纹相机中采用微通道板（MCP）和荧光屏的成像缺点和弊端，取而代之的是将EBCCD应用在条纹变像管超快诊断设备中直接收集电子以提高空间分辨率和动态范围。完成了基于电子轰击式CCD的大动态条纹相机的结构设计，并采用了ANDOR公司的CCD相机结合各向异性聚焦条纹变像管完成了条纹相机的组装。在通过实验验证EBCCD相机对整机系统的性能有很大的提高的基础上，自主设计了电子轰击式的低噪声读出电路，采用了FPGA硬件设计的方法，使用Verilog HDL编写时序脉冲的源程序，选用Xilinx公司的Spartan-6作为主芯片设计了时序产生模块，并且还完成了读出电路的驱动模块、图像处理模块、图像采集模块、电源模块的设计。对电子轰击式CCD的大动态条纹相机进行了性能测试实验，搭建了静态和动态测试的实验平台，实验结果表明，条纹相机的静态空间分辨率高于35 lp/mm，动态空间分辨率达到20 lp/mm，偏转灵敏度为60.76 mm/kV，动态范围达到2094:1，扫描速度为4.04ps/pix，扫描速度非线性为5.04%，条纹相机的电子轰击半导体（EBS）增益达到3000以上。
英文摘要	In order to detect weaker and a greater span of light signals, dynamic range, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio of the streak camera need to be improved to meet the further diagnostic needs of scientific area of materials, biology, information, semiconductor physics and energy, etc. Therefore, we have designed large dynamic range streak camera based on electron-bombarded CCD (EBCCD). Based on comprehensive analysis of the main factors of impacting dynamic range of the streak camera system, the tube structure of large dynamic camera was selected. Its electron optics system adopts the structure of the rectangle frame electrode and electric quadruple lens. Spatial focusing (slit direction) and temporal focusing (scanning direction) of the structure are relative separation. It can reduce space charge effect and minimize electron transit time so that to improve dynamic range and signal to noise of the streak camera. The concept of electron-bombarded CCD (EBCCD) was put forward. The structure and working principle of back illuminated CCD (BCCD) was stated. EBCCD and ICCD were introduced separately so to show the outstanding performance of EBCCD. It is pointed out that the shortcomings and defects of micro channel plate (MCP) and the screen in the traditional streak camera. EBCCD was used in the streak tube ultrafast diagnostic equipment to collect electrons directly in order to improve spatial resolution and dynamic range. The structure design of large dynamic range streak camera based on electron-bombarded CCD was completed. Moreover, the assembly of streak camera which was combined with CCD camera produced by ANDOR Technology Company and anisotropic focus streak tube was completed.. Through the experimental verification, electron-bombarded CCD camera can improve the performance of the whole system. Low noise readout circuit based on electron-bombarded technology was designed. Using the method of FPGA hardware design and Verilog HDL to write the source program of timing pulse. Selecting Spartan-6 produced by Xilinx Company as the main chip to design the time sequence generation module. Besides, the circuit design of driver module, image processing module, image acquisition module, power supply module of the readout circuit was accomplished. The experimental platform of static and dynamic test was built to do the performance test of large dynamic range streak camera based on electron-bombarded CCD. The experimental results show that static spatial resolution is better than 35 lp/mm and dynamic spatial resolution reaches up to 20 lp/mm. Deflection sensitivity is 60.76 mm/kV and dynamic range reaches 2094:1. Scanning speed is 4.04ps/pix. Nonlinear of scanning speed is 5.04%. EBS gain of the streak camera reaches over 3000.
语种	中文
学科主题	电子、电信技术
公开日期	2015-06-30
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/22915]
专题	西安光学精密机械研究所_研究生部
作者单位	1.中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 2.中国科学院大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	朱敏. 基于电子轰击式CCD的大动态条纹相机研究和读出电路设计[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2015.