斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus）早期生长特征及消化系统发育的研究

题名	斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus）早期生长特征及消化系统发育的研究
作者	王雨福1
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2015-05-18
授予单位	中国科学院大学
授予地点	北京
导师	李军
关键词	斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus）胚胎发育消化系统异速生长
学位专业	海洋生物学
中文摘要	斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus），属鲈形目（Perciformes）、石鲷科（Oplegnathidae）、石鲷属（Oplegnathus），俗称黑金鼓、斑鲷，分布在中国大陆、日本和台湾沿岸的温热带海域，是目前新兴的水产品种，具有重要的市场前景和价值。本文运用统计学、组织学的方法，详细阐述了斑石鲷早期阶段的生长规律及消化系统的发生过程，结果如下：斑石鲷受精卵在水温（22±1）℃、海水盐度29±0.5的孵化条件下，经过32小时左右孵化出膜。受精卵以不均等方式进行卵裂，受精后3h进入囊胚期，5h进入原肠期，胚盘下包50%时出现胚盾，下包90%时出现神经索和体节，胚孔关闭后出现克氏囊，25h克氏囊消失，心跳期开始，32h孵化出膜。对斑石鲷胚后发育进行跟踪观察，0~16日龄为仔鱼期，17~39日龄为稚鱼期，40日龄以后为幼鱼期。斑石鲷初孵仔鱼全长为3.49±0.12mm，卵黄长径0.85±0.12mm，短径0.37±0.03mm，油球径0.22mm左右。3日龄，卵黄囊消失，仔鱼开口摄食；11日龄，尾椎骨上扬；16日龄各鳍的鳍条数目和成鱼一致，并逐渐开始硬化；22日龄，色素沉积；30日龄，出现鳞片；32日龄，出现侧线，39日龄鳞片发育完成，进入幼鱼期。通过石蜡切片观察斑石鲷消化系统的发育：斑石鲷初孵仔鱼的消化系统尚未分化，为单层柱状细胞组成的原始管状。在3日龄开口期，斑石鲷消化系统已经初步分化为口咽腔、食道、胃、肠（前、中、后）以及肝胰脏原基。3日龄开始，肠壁粘膜层逐渐出现嗜红颗粒和刷状缘、空泡结构，主要以胞饮方式进行胞内消化；同时胰脏由原基逐渐分化出内、外分泌部，并含有大量的酶原颗粒；5日龄的肝脏，大部分细胞转变为吸收脂肪的空泡状，胞质与核被挤压在细胞边缘。17日龄，胃腺出现，胃开始具备胞外消化功能；随着仔鱼的生长，消化道粘膜层的杯状细胞逐渐增多，功能逐渐完善。30日龄左右消化系统完成发育。测定了斑石鲷仔稚幼鱼（0-70日龄）全长和体重随日龄的变化规律。结果显示，全长、体重与日龄的关系均符合Cubic函数，随日龄的生长曲线表现为S型。斑石鲷全长和体重的生长可分为3个阶段，不同阶段的生长率存在显著差异（p＜0.05）。分析了斑石鲷的头长、眼径、吻长、口裂、体高、尾鳍长等重要外部形态学指标随全长的变化情况，发现各功能器官参数相对于全长均存在异速生长规律，且各功能器官的生长拐点不同。研究表明斑石鲷通过异速生长，确保与其基本生存能力相关的功能器官优先发育，以适应复杂多变的生存环境，并相应地提高了仔稚鱼的存活率，对鱼苗培育具有重要的指导意义。
英文摘要	The spotted knifejaw，Oplegnathus punctatus, is a widespread subtropical speices in East Asia, with economically very important value in aquaculture. In this study, the histogenesis of digestive system, morphology of embryonic and larval stages, as well as the allometric growth in spotted knifejaw were researched. The results as following：Using 32h, the fertilized eggs of spotted knifejaw finished the hatching at the temperature of (22±1)℃ with the salinity of 29±0.5. By unequal cleavage, the zygotes enter blastula stage at 3hpf, gastrul stage at 5hpf, embryonic shield appeared at 50%-epiboly stage, neural rod and somite were formed at 90%-epiboly stage, Kupffer’s vesicle appeared after the close of blastopore, and the heart begun to beat after Kupffer’s vesicle disappeared, the zygotes finished hatching at 32h. The postembryonic development of spotted knifejaw can be divided into three stages: ① larve fish (0~16dph); ② juvenile fish (17~39dph); ③ young fish (40dph~). The total length of newly hatched larvae were 3.49±0.12mm, the long diameter of yolk were 0.85±0.12mm, the short diameter were 0.37±0.03mm, and the diameter of oil ball were 0.22mm. At 3dph, the yolk sac disappeared, and the larvae start to ingestion; at 11dph, the tail-bone began to uptrend; 16dph, the membrane disappeared and the fin rays of larvae were same as that of adult fish; 22dph, pigments began to deposite; 30dph, squamation appeared; 32dph, lateral lines appeared on the body sides; 39dph, the scales finished development and the fry entered into young fish stage.< The ontogeny of digestive system of spotted knifejaw was investigated by histological observation. The results as following: there was no complicated digestive system in the newly hatching larva, but just a primordial tube composed of simple columnar cells. At 3dph of initial feeding stage, the digestive system differentiated into buccopharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines (anterior, middle, posterior) and also the hepatopancreas primordium primarily. From 3dph, the acidophilic granules and vascular structure appeared in digestive tube, with the occurrence of pinocytosis ingestion; the pancreas were developed into the outer and the inner secretive parts with large amounts of zymogen particles. At 5dph, the liver cells were transformed into vacuolated state which can absorb fat, with cytoplasm and nucleus were found in the edge. At 17dph, the gastric glands were found in the stomach wall. As the development of the larval fish, the goblet cells were increasing in the digestive tract with the completing functions. Around 30dph, the digestive system completed development. The total length and body weight of spotted knifejaw larva（0-70dph） were analyzed. The results showed that both total length and body weight displayed the function model of Cubic, with the growth curve of S-curve. The growth of spotted knifejaw can be devided into three different stages with specific growth rate respectively. The relationships between growth parameters of functional organs (head length, eye diameter, rostrum length, mouth width, trunk height, tail fin length ) and total length of spotted knifejaw were analyzed, which showed the allometric growth patterns of each organs with featured inflection points. By allometry, those functional organs could finish development within the shortest time, which were very critical to larval survival.
语种	中文
学科主题	海洋生物学
公开日期	2015-06-11
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/23263]
专题	海洋研究所_海洋生物技术研发中心
作者单位	1.中国科学院海洋研究所 2.中国科学院大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王雨福. 斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus）早期生长特征及消化系统发育的研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学. 2015.