模拟径流条件下工程堆积体陡坡土壤侵蚀过程

CORC > 水土保持研究所 > 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 > 水保所知识产出(1956-2013)

	模拟径流条件下工程堆积体陡坡土壤侵蚀过程
	张乐涛 ; 高照良 ; 李永红 ; 田红卫
刊名	农业工程学报
	2013
卷号	29 期号:08 页码:145-09
关键词	土壤 soil 侵蚀 erosion 径流 runoff 工程堆积体 engineering accumulation 黄土丘陵区 loess hilly region 陡坡 steep slope
其他题名	Soil erosion process of engineering accumulation in steep slope under
中文摘要	工程建设过程中形成的堆积体具有独特的土壤组成及复杂的下垫面条件,堆积体表面土壤结构体缺失、土质松散、植物根系及有机质缺乏等,导致其土壤抗冲性极差,径流条件下堆积体陡坡坡面的土壤侵蚀过程亦表现出不同的特点,该文通过野外放水试验,对高速公路沿线典型堆积体陡坡(36°)在模拟径流冲刷条件下的土壤侵蚀过程进行了研究,结果表明,次径流过程中径流强度变化与放水强度及径流含沙量密切相关,三者之间呈多元线性相关;重力侵蚀对径流含沙量的变化具有重要影响,试验条件下重力作用的临界放水条件在20～25L/min之间;坡面产沙过程存在产沙量的突变、波动变化和稳定发展3个阶段;不同坡段产沙量的空间分布存在持续稳定减小和震荡式波动衰减2种变化形式;土壤剥蚀率与单宽流量呈线性关系,与时段产沙量及流宽呈幂函数关系;最后,时段产沙量与时段径流量呈幂函数关系,累积产沙量与累积径流量呈线性关系。更多还原
英文摘要	Deposits during the process of engineering construction have unique soil constitution and complex conditions of underlying surface, characterized by weaken anti-scourabilty attributed to loose textures, lacks of soil structures, insufficient plant roots, soil organic matter deficiency and so on. Erosion response of steep deposit slope to hydrodynamic conditions show different characteristics, a set of field pouring water scouring experiments were conducted on steep slope with 72.7% gradient and 12-meter length of typical spoil ground along the line of freeway to investigate the soil erosion process of deposit slope under simulated runoff conditions. Watering system consists of a diving pump, a water knockout vessel, a still well, valves, switches and pressure pipes. During the process of each experiment, the slope was divided into 4 sections by 3-meter-intervals down slope, where flow velocities，flow widths and flow depths were measured by the method of dye tracing and the use of thin steel rule during sampling. The runoff and sediment sample was taken at 1-minute-intervals within 3 minutes after runoff initiates, where after, the sample was taken at 3-minute-intervals, and in the whole experiment all the runoff and sediment were collected. The results show that runoff intensity is closely related to discharge intensity and sediment concentration, presenting multivariate linear correlation by grey correlation degree analysis and correlation analysis of various factors influencing runoff intensity, which can be expressed as follows: M=0.818 P-0.758S-0.276 (R2=0.90), indicating that discharge intensity has a positive effect on runoff intensity, on the contrary, the sediment concentration has a negative effect on runoff intensity. Gravitational erosion caused by ascending sediment concentration during erosion process has large influence on the variation of sediment concentration, which has a critical discharge of inflow under test conditions with 20L/min and 25L/min. The process of slope sediment yield falls into three stages: abrupt, fluctuation and stable, and spatial distribution of sediment yield along different slope profiles under different runoff conditions can be reduced to two types: steady decrease and violently fluctuating reduction. Soil detachment rate is linearly related with unit discharge(Dr=0.693q+3.97, R2=0.781), which can also be expressed as the power function of sediment yield and flow width in different time-intervals(Dr=1.689U0.671b-0.669, R2=0.799). Moreover, sediment yield in any time-interval can be described with power function of run-off in the same time-interval(M=0.5548V1.036, R2=0.822) and accumulative sediment yield increases linearly with the increase of cumulative run-off(Us=0.687Q+6.123, R2=0.975). The results indicated that Soil erosion characteristics of steep deposit slope formed by engineering construction activities are distinct from that of conventional agricultural soils, indicating that soil erosion researches on production and construction areas should be carried out on the basis of clarifications of disturbance and intensity. The conclusions reveal that regulation of slope runoff is still an important approach to achieve comprehensive control of soil erosion on engineering and construction areas.
语种	中文
公开日期	2014-10-14
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/5504]
专题	水土保持研究所_水保所知识产出(1956-2013)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张乐涛,高照良,李永红,等. 模拟径流条件下工程堆积体陡坡土壤侵蚀过程[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(08):145-09.
APA	张乐涛,高照良,李永红,&田红卫.(2013).模拟径流条件下工程堆积体陡坡土壤侵蚀过程.农业工程学报,29(08),145-09.
MLA	张乐涛,et al."模拟径流条件下工程堆积体陡坡土壤侵蚀过程".农业工程学报 29.08(2013):145-09.