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题名	基于“3S”技术的三峡库区核心区土壤侵蚀对土地利用变化的响应研究
作者	张宝雷
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	周万村
关键词	土地利用 土壤侵蚀 土壤侵蚀的响应 三峡库区核心区
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	土壤侵蚀及其导致的土壤质量退化是世界性的重大环境问题之一，而土地利用变化（LUCC）是引起土壤侵蚀变化的重要原因之一，因此备受关注。“3S”技术和理论的发展为土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀研究提供了对信息的分析、综合、认识、表达、理解等方面的技术和模型。三峡库区特殊的地理条件决定了该区是进行土地利用和土壤侵蚀研究的最佳试验区。本文选取三峡库区的重点淹没区——三峡库区核心区为主要研究区，以“3S”技术为支撑研究了库区核心区土地利用、土壤侵蚀以及土壤侵蚀对土地利用变化的响应。通过研究主要取得以下成果：（1）对遥感影像进行了图像增强、正射纠正、地形光谱纠正、光谱匹配、图像镶嵌、数据融合和去云雪等预处理，在很大程度上减少了因地形变形、光谱变异、阴影和云雪等现象引起的图像质量问题。（2）以影像分割技术为基础，自行设计了一种较新颖的遥感图像自动分类方法对三峡库区核心区的土地利用现状进行了自动获取。该方法简单易行，人机交互，分类结果的定性和定量精度都较高。解决了 植被指数计算植被覆盖度中的难道NDVIveg 和NDVIsoil的取值问题，并获取了三峡工程上马十年间的植被覆盖度。验证结果表明：只要 和 的指标选择恰当，遥感影像的季相对覆盖度对提取结果的影响可以在很大程度上降低。将坡面侵蚀定量模型引入到区域土壤侵蚀定量计算中，以潜在土壤侵蚀量为基础，分土地利用类型进行GIS多因子叠加纠正，获取了三峡工程上马十年间的土壤侵蚀强度分布数据。（3）以地理信息系统理论、软件开发技术为基础，以先进的COM技术、关系数据库技术和ArcObjects技术为支撑，以水土保持系统数据和环境背景数据为数据基础，设计和构建水土保持监测信息系统用于管理和分析现有的数据，在系统设计的方法和步骤、数据库建设以及数据库管理等方面做了探索。（4）在水土保持监测信息系统中，以地学信息图谱理论为基础，采用系统论和可持续发展的观点对三峡库区核心区土地利用和土壤侵蚀的现状、动态变化以及土壤侵蚀对土地利用变化响应进行了定量分析。（5）通过GIS空间分析和数理统计分析相结合的方法，对库区核心区三峡工程的淹没影响进行了分析。
英文摘要	Soil erosion has been recognized as a major environmental problem because of it causes the reduction of soil productivity. The land use change (LUCC) is an important driving force of the intensity changes of soil erosion, so that it attracted much attention. The development of techniques and theory of “3S” has afforded the techniques and models for analyzing, synthesizing, understanding and expressing geographical information. At the same time, the especial natural condition of Three Gorges Reservoir Area makes itself the best test-area for the research on LUCC and soil erosion.Taking the key submergence area -the core area of Three Gorges Reservoir Area as the study area, the paper maked through research on its land use and soil erosion responses based on “3S” techniques. The key contents were as follows:(1) The remote images had been carried out preprocessing, such as image enhancement, orthographic correction, terrain spectrum correction, spectrum match, image amalgamation, and snow and cloud elimination et al. The results showed that the image quality caused by distortion, spectrum variation, shadow, cloud and snow had been improved in a great degree.(2) Based on the technique of image segmentation, the paper designed a novel method of image auto-classification and automatically obtained the distribution of land use in 2002. The method is simple, man-machine interactive and easy to use, and the classification results had relatively high precisions in the aspects of quality and quantity. The problem of the evaluation of NDVIsoil and NDVIveg was sloved in the paper. The vegetation degree of coverage in recent 10 years was obtained through NDVI model. The results indicated that so long as the target choice of NDVIsoil and NDVIveg was proper, the influence of season could be reduced in the very great degree. The soil erosion quantitative evaluation was introduced to calculate the latent soil erosion quantity, and the calculate resultwas corrected by the influencing factors using GIS method according to the land use types. Finally, the intensity of soil erosion of the year 1992 and 2002 was obtained respectively.(3) Taking the GIS theory and software development technology as foundation and taking advanced COM technology, relational database technology and the ArcObjects technology as the main support, the paper designed and built the water and soil conservation monitoring information system to manage and analyze the existing data. The research made some exploration on the method and steps of the system design, and database construction as well as data management.(4) In the water and soil conservation monitoring information system, the paper took the theory of geographical information pedigree as the foundation, and used the viewpoint of system theory and sustainable development to analyze the present situation and its changes, and then made detailed analysis on the soil erosion response of LUCC. (5) The submerged influences of Three Gorges Project are analyzed quantitatively through GIS spatial analyses and mathematics statistical method.
语种	中文
学科主题	土壤学
公开日期	2010-10-21
分类号	S15;F29
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2263]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张宝雷. 基于“3S”技术的三峡库区核心区土壤侵蚀对土地利用变化的响应研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007.

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