QQ客服 官方微博 反馈留言

题名	四川省汶川地震重灾区生物多样性空间格局研究
作者	杨金凤
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	王玉宽
关键词	物种多样性 景观多样性 生境质量 生物多样性保护热点区 汶川地震
其他题名	A research of biodiversity spatial pattern of Wenchuan earth quaked area
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	四川省汶川大地震不仅造成了重大人员伤亡和巨额财产损失，同时也是环境与生态系统的一场浩劫，受灾最重的四川省，素以其丰富的具有全球重要意义的生物多样性而闻名，该区生物多样性的保护具有非常重要的意义。本文以四川省30个重灾县为研究区域，通过物种多样性、景观多样性和生境质量的评估来分析灾区生物多样性的空间分布格局，并根据灾区生态系统的破坏情况提出灾后生物多样性恢复和保护建议。 通过对汶川地震重灾区的物种多样性、景观多样性、生境质量和灾后生态系统破坏情况的分析与研究得到以下结论。 (1)植物、鸟类和哺乳动物物种丰富度高的地区都是主要分布在龙门山区，山前平原与盆地低山丘陵区的丰富度很低。综合物种丰富度分析的结果仍然是西部的龙门山区和高原边缘区的物种丰富度较高，而山前平原去和盆地低山丘陵区的丰富度较低。 (2)汶川地震重灾区的植被景观类型复杂，灾区的景观多样性空间分具有与物种多样性相似的分布规律性：龙门山区和西部高原边缘区的景观类型丰富，总体多样性明显高于山前平原区和盆地低山丘陵区；山前平原区的植被景观多样性处于最低水平，且其景观组成相对单一，由少数几个景观类型(农田等)控制。 (3)龙门山山前平原区和盆地低山丘陵区南部生态环境受到非常强烈的人为干扰，且该区植被类型以农作物为主覆盖度相对较低；盆地低山丘陵区北部人为干扰虽然没有山前平原强烈，仍然是处于较高的水平；龙门山一带受到人为干扰强度较小，植被覆盖度高，但海拔较高的地区植被覆盖度较低。综合生境质量评估的计算结果显示：受人为干扰较小的龙门山区的生境质量较高，为生物的生存提供了相对优越的生存条件；经济发展水平较高的龙门山山前平原区和盆地低山丘陵区南部的生境质量状况最差。 (4)对生物多样性进行综合评估的结果显示：龙门山区和西部高原边缘区各县生物多样性水平较高，通过对生物多样性综合指数进行热点分析，可以划分出两个生物多样性热点区：岷山区域生物多样性热点区和南部的邛崃山区生物多样性热点区，茂县处于两个热点区的交界处，是连接两个热点区的廊道。根据物种生境、现有保护区以及TNC优先保护区的计算结果可知热点区的划分是合理的。 (5)地震灾区生态系统遭到破坏的热点区面积为843.90km2，约占热点区面积的2.92%，58%以上的生态系统破坏是位于生物多样性保护热点区内的；生态系统遭破坏的保护区面积为690.80km2占保护区面积的4.54%，47.9%的生态系统破坏位于灾区的自然保护区内。生态系统是生物多样性赖以存在的基础，生态系统的破坏必然带来生物多样性的丧失。灾后都江堰、什邡、绵竹、安县的西部山区以及汶川县东北部地区多样性综合指数明显降低；连接岷山生物多样性热点区和邛崃山系生物多样性热点区之间的廊道被破坏。 (6)生态系统的恢复要尊重自然规律，在生态系统评估的基础上进行科学合理的规划。在热点区内要注意限制高污染高、能耗的产业，以减少对热点区生物多样性的威胁。并在现有自然保护区建设的基础上，在生物多样性保护热点区域。内，针生物多样性保护的要求，通过新建、扩大、整合自然保护区和加强对廊道地区的保护，形成对物种栖息地的保护体系，以消除物种保护中种群孤岛、生殖隔离的障碍。
英文摘要	The Wenchuan earthquake has not only caused the significant personnel casualty and the vast fortune loses, also it is a disaster of the ecological environment.The heaviely affected Sichuan province was known for its abundant species, the protection of biodiversity of this area has important significance. Token Sixhuan as research area , this paper analysied the pattern of landscape diversity, species diversity and habitat quality; acoording to the destruction of ecosystem, this paper give some suggestion for the reconstruction and protection of the biodiversity. The primarily results were displayed as following: (1) The Plants, birds and mammals with high species richness was mainly distributed in the Longmenshan area, piedmont plains and hilly areas of the basin with low biodiversity. The result of comprehensive analysis was the same. (2) The landscape types of Wenchuan earthquaked area was complicated, the landscape biodiversity had the same law with that of species, the landscapediversity in the Longmenshan area and in the marginal area of the plateau was higher than that of piedmont plain and hilly areas of the basin.The landscape diversity of the piedmont plain was the lowest, the landscape here was controlled by only a few landscape types. (3) The ecological environment of the piedmont plain and hilly areas was strongly disturbed by human and the vegetation coverage here was very low. However, the ecological environment was with little interference in the Longmenshan area and the marginal area of the plateau and the NDVI index was higher.The result of the the comprehensive habitat quality showed that: the habitat quality of the Longmenshan area and in the marginal area of the plateau was high and it was low in the piedmont plain and hilly areas. (4) The result of the comprehensive evaluation showed that the Longmenshan area and the marginal area of the plateau was with high biodiversity. According to the hotspot analysis of the comprehensive biodiversity index, two biodiversity hotspots could be delineated from Longmenshan area and the marginal area of the plateau: Minshan hotspot and Qionglaishan hotspot. Maoxian was the ecological corridor which connected Minshan hotspot and Qionglaishan hotspot. (5) The area of the hotspot which ecosystem was destructed by the earthquake was 843.90km2 ，2.92% of all the hotspot area and more than 58% of the destructed ecosystem was located at hotspot areas; The ecosystem of 690.80km2 protected areas was destructed by the earthquake and about 47.9% of of the destructed ecosystem was located at protected areas. Ecosystem is the foundation of biodiversity, the destruction of cosystem must cause the decrease of biodiversity. In mountainous regions of Dujiangyan, Shifang, Mianzu, Anxian and the NW Wenchuan, the comprehensive biodiversity index has remarkably decreased; the ecological corridor between the two hotspots has been destroyed. (6)The reconstruction of the cosystem must respect nature and the reconstruction plan must be made in a scientific way on the basis of assessment on the basis of assessment. On the basis of existing nature reserve, the protection system of habitat can be formed by building, enlarging and integrating protected areas and strengthening the protection of ecological corridor within hotspots area. This can eliminate the population island and reproduction isolation.
语种	中文
学科主题	生态学
公开日期	2010-10-13
分类号	S12;K87
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2159]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨金凤. 四川省汶川地震重灾区生物多样性空间格局研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2009.

个性服务

查看访问统计

相关权益政策

暂无数据

收藏/分享

除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。