近年来，科研工作者一直致力于如何将二氧化碳高效地转换成高附加值化学品。其中在工业化方面最具备潜力的路线之一是由二氧化碳与环氧化物合成得到环状碳酸酯。该路线具有原子经济性高、高效活化二氧化碳的优点，其关键在于高效率催化剂的开发，本论文针对环加成反应中均相离子液体难分离，用量大的缺点，开发出绿色安全、稳定性高、转化效率高的负载聚合离子液体与聚合离子液体催化剂催化剂。论文所取得的主要结论如下： 1.从高效活化环氧化合物的角度出发，设计合成六种包括羟基，磺酸基等在内的不同基团以及不同碳链长的甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯类（DMAEMA）离子液体单体，结合分析表征与活性评价，发现羟乙基功能化离子液体活性最高，在110 oC、2.5 MPa下其催化环氧丙烷转化率可达99%。 2.为简化分离同时实现多位点嫁接，基于负载型催化剂开发的经验，选取硅胶作为多羟基载体，以前期工作中筛选出的最佳离子液体为活性组分，进行化学嫁接，得到负载量可控的负载聚合离子液体催化剂。利用红外，XRD，热重分析，扫描电子显微镜等不同表征手段证明离子液体的成功负载。所合成的催化剂在110 oC、2.5 MPa下其催化环氧丙烷转化率可达91%。循环性研究与元素分析等表明催化剂活性在5次循环实验中基本保持不变，且结构稳定。最后，基于H-NMR实验结果初步研究负载型离子液体与反应物的相互作用情况，由此提出相应的氢键静电协同催化机理。3. 针对环加成反应催化剂有机载体稳定性差，以及无机载体活性位点少的缺点，同时为实现高利用率与易回收的目标，在已合成的DMAEMA离子液体单体的基础上，通过自由基聚合的方式合成一系列无需负载的DMAEMA聚合离子液体作为非均相催化剂。通过分析表征与活性评价，发现含有羟基的聚合离子液体活性最高，在110 oC、2.5 MPa反应条件下具有准均相的活性（环氧丙烷转化率96%），与等摩尔体相离子液体活性相当。5次循环后催化剂的转化率稳定在96%左右，并且结构稳定。另外，经热重分析发现羟基的存在也增强了热稳定性。采用XPS分析与分子动力学模拟对该聚合离子液体与单体和底物之间的结合能力进行了比较。研究发现，该聚合离子液体与单体具有相似的结合能，以及相近的环氧丙烷底物结合能力。动态光散射实验结果表明，聚合离子液体与体相相当的催化活性可归因于该聚合离子液体催化剂在反应中能够暴露更多位点。最后，结合初步研究聚合离子液体与环氧丙烷底物的相互作用，并由此提出催化机理。该工作为设计活性与均相离子液体相当的准均相离子液体催化剂提供一种新思路。关键词：CO2，环状碳酸酯，聚合离子液体，环加成反应 ; ;During the past few years, scientists have always been trying to develop highly efficient methods to transforming carbon dioxides into value-added chemicals. Among a myriad of practical ways, the route concerning the synthesis of cyclic carbonates via carbon dioxide and epoxides outshines others with high atom economy and efficient utilization of carbon dioxide. The cornerstone of this way lies in the development of efficient catalysts. Herein, our work is aiming to provide solutions to the hindrances caused by using homogeneous catalysts. In order to address these defects, we’ve developed a series of novel catalysts based on the principle of being eco-friendly and cost-efficiency. The detailed contents and studies are presented as follows. Six types of ionic liquids containing hydrogen and sulfonic groups and different carbon chain lengths are designed and synthesized based on the precursor DMAEMA for the aim of efficient activation of epoxides. Through analytical characterization and activity evaluation, DMAEMA ionic liquid tailored by hydroxyethyl group has the highest activity among prepared ionic liquid monomers, achieving 99% conversion of propylene oxide under the condition of 110 oC, 2.5 MPa.In order to simplify the separation process and realize multi-sites grafting, we then selected silica gel, known for its multiple hydroxyl groups, as the supports to load quantity-controllable polymeric ionic liquids which is tailored by hydroxyethyl group, selected from the previous work. Different kinds of polymeric methods are being investigated to optimize the loading amount and the highest activity is 91% under the condition of 110oC, 2.5 MPa. Afterward, various types of characterization methods, including FT-IR, XRD, TGA and SEM etc. are employed to confirm the successful grafting of polymeric ionic liquids. Moreover, Subsequent studies concerning recyclability and EA analysis affirm the as-prepared catalyst is stable after 5 times reuse without obvious loss in activity. Finally, a plausible mechanism, called H-bond and electrostatic interaction, is proposed based on the H-NMR experiment, which reveals the interaction between reactant and grafted polymeric ionic liquids.To realize high utilization ratio and easy recyclability of catalysts, polymeric ionic liquids containing DMAEMA components as the heterogeneous catalysts, without grafting, are tailored for the transformation of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. Based on the synthesized ionic liquids, six types of self-polymerized polymeric ionic liquids are successfully synthesized by radical polymerization method. Amongst those catalysts, hydroxyl-rich polymeric ionic liquid, especially P(DMAEMA-EtOH)Br exhibits the highest conversion (96%) of propylene carbonateunder the condition of 110 oC, 2.5 MPa, which is almost comparable to the reactivity of its ionic liquid monomer, being the quasi-homogeneous catalysts. Recyclable researches rectify the chemical stability and stable reactivity of 96% after 5 times of recycle experimentation. Not only does the presence of hydroxyl group considerably boost the reactivity, but also enhance the thermal stability. Studies including molecular dynamics calculations and XPS analysis prove that the combining ability of P(DMAEMA-EtOH)Br to epoxide is equivalent to that of its monomer. Dynamic light scattering data reveal that decreased hydrodynamic radius of polymer particles contributes to increasing exposure of active sites, resulting in a comparable reactivity. Finally, synergistic catalysis mechanisms are proposed on the basis of the H-NMR studies. This work provides insight for the design of quasi-homogeneous catalysts for the substitution of homogeneous ionic liquids.Keywords:Cyclic oxides, CO2, Cyclic carbonate, Polymeric ionic liquids, Cycloaddition Reaction