木质纤维素材料是储量最丰富的可再生资源，难溶于常规有机溶剂中，离子液体（ILs）是木质纤维素的优良溶剂，已得到广泛应用。本论文针对木质纤维素中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的结构特点，设计ILs二元体系，选择性降解木质素半纤维素复合体（LCCPL），从玉米秸秆中获取高纯纤维素材料；研究了纤维素在ILs溶解过程中的降解抑制机理与调控因素，实现了玉米秸秆在ILs体系中直接纺丝，获得了具有优良力学性能的纤维素纤维材料。主要研究进展如下：（1）设计了二元体系用于从玉米秸秆中快速提取高纯纤维素，并获得初步分离机理。研究表明，[C4mim]Cl-氨基磺酸（[C4mim]Cl-AS）可在100℃，1 h的条件下提取纯度为99%的纤维素材料。纤维素的聚合度稍有下降，晶型结构从I型变成了Ⅱ型。AS的添加会提高溶剂体系的氢键碱度β值，有利于去除木质素，添加剂不会破坏再生纤维素的微孔结构，也不会破坏ILs的基本骨架。[C4mim]Cl中存在着一系列{[C4mim]nCln+1}-的离子簇结构，AS的加入取代原离子簇中的Cl-，使其更易于进入纤维素骨架内部破坏氢键，促进玉米秸秆的溶解及分离；（2）研究了氨基酸抑制纤维素在ILs中的降解，获得了抑制降解机理。研究表明，氨基酸可以有效抑制纤维素在ILs中溶解时发生降解，且氨基酸和ILs构成的体系可以循环利用。添加L-精氨酸可以显著提高纤维素纺丝的力学性能，L-精氨酸和纤维素上的羟基形成氢键，占据纤维素羟基组（OH2、OH3、OH6＇）和（OH6、OH2＇、OH3＇）中的一个羟基位点，防止[C4mim]Cl与纤维素的羟基组（OH2、OH3、OH6＇）或（OH6、OH2＇、OH3＇）同时形成氢键，抑制纤维素降解；（3）研究了彻底溶解玉米秸秆并直接纺丝，获得具有良好力学性能的纤维素纤维材料。研究表明，当L-精氨酸用量为0.30 g，溶解温度为150℃，时间为11.5 h时，此时的玉米秸秆可以全溶并纺丝。添加L-精氨酸可以使溶剂体系的氢键碱度β从0.89提高到0.96，有利于去木质素和对纤维素的溶解；（4）设计了[C2mim][BF4]-L-精氨酸体系提取秸秆中木质素，获得了良好的提取效果。研究表明，当L-精氨酸用量0.40 g时，纤维素收率97%，木质素的去除率84%。反应停止后，可快速回收[C2mim][BF4]-L-精氨酸。在提取过程中，木质素半纤维素复合体LCCPL被选择性地解聚成低聚物，而秸秆中的纤维素不会降解且晶型结构没有发生变化，4次循环实验表明[C2mim][BF4]-L-精氨酸具有良好的可循环性。;Lignocellulosic materials are the most abundant renewable resources and are difficult to dissolve in conventional organic solvents, but ionic liquids are excellent solvents for lignocellulosic materials. In view of the distribution characteristics of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in lignocellulose, this paper proposes to destroy the protective layer of lignin hemicellulose composite by introducing additive to achieve rapid dissolution of lignocellulose in ionic liquids. The research of reclaiming high-purity cellulose materials and the degradation inhibition of cellulose in the process of ionic liquid dissolution were studied. On this basis, the one-step direct spinning of corn stalks was realized. The main findings are as follows:(1) A method for extracting high-purity cellulose from corn straw in one step was proposed and the separation mechanism was obtained. Studies have shown that in the ionic liquid-sulfamic acid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl-AS) binary system, corn straw can be extracted in 1 h under 100℃ with a purity of 99%. The degree of polymerization of cellulose decreased slightly, and the crystal structure changed from type I to type II. The addition of sulfamic acid will increase the hydrogen bond alkalinity β value of the solvent system, which is beneficial to the removal of lignin. The additive does not destroy the microporous structure of the regenerated cellulose, nor does it destroy the basic skeleton of the ionic liquid. There is a series of {[C4mim]nCln+1}- ionic cluster structure in [C4mim]Cl. When sulfamic acid is added, Cl- will be substituted by sulfamic acid. The substituted Cl- is freed from the binding of cations making it easier to enter the interior of the cellulose backbone to destroy hydrogen bonds, thereby promoting the dissolution and separation of corn straw; (2) Study on the inhibition of cellulose degradation in ionic liquids by amino acids. The results show that amino acids can effectively inhibit the degradation of cellulose when dissolved in ionic liquids. The system composed of amino acids and ionic liquids can be recycled. It shows that cellulose does not react with L-arginine, and the addition of L-arginine can significantly improve the mechanical properties of cellulose spinning. L-arginine forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of the cellulose to occupy at least one of the hydroxyl groups (OH2、 OH3、 OH6') and (OH6、 OH2'、 OH3'). This will prevent [Bmim]Cl from simultaneously forming hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups (OH2、 OH3、 OH6') or (OH6、 OH2'、 OH3') of cellulose, which successfully leads to inhibiting the degradation of cellulose;(3) It was studied to completely dissolve corn stalks and directly spun to obtain cellulose fiber materials with good mechanical properties. Studies have shown that when the amount of L-arginine is 0.30 g, the dissolution temperature is 150℃, and the time is 11.5 h, the corn stover can be fully dissolved and spun at this time. The addition of L-arginine can increase the hydrogen bond basicity β of the solvent system from 0.89 to 0.96, which is beneficial to delignification and dissolution of cellulose;(4) The [C2mim][BF4]-L-arginine system was designed to extract lignin from straw, and good extraction effect was obtained. Studies have shown that when the amount of L-arginine is 0.40 g, the cellulose yield is 97%, and the lignin removal rate is 84%. After the reaction is stopped, the [C2mim][BF4]-L-arginine can be quickly recovered. During the extraction process, the lignin hemicellulose complex LCCPL was selectively depolymerized into small pieces, but the cellulose in the straw did not degrade and the crystal structure did not change. Four cycles of experiments show that [C2mim][BF4]-L-arginine system has good recyclability.