| 题名 | 基于文言大数据的张居正心理特点研究-从心理语义及大五人格的角度 |
| 作者 | 李舒婷 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-07 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 朱廷劭 |
| 关键词 | 张居正 心理特点 心理语义 大五人格 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 其他题名 | Research on Zhang Juzheng's Psychological Characteristics Based on Big Data in Classical Chinese -From the Perspective of psychological semantics and Big Five Personality traits |
| 学位专业 | 应用心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | As an important person, Zhang Juzheng was an indispensable figure in the study of Ming History and even China's history. By studying Zhang Juzheng's psychological characteristics, it would enable us to understand the internal driving forces in Zhang Juzheng's behavior, motivation, needs, emotions, etc., so as to restore Zhang more comprehensively, understand the environment and culture more at that time, and provide reference and alertness for future generations in their governance and study life. The academic research on Zhang Juzheng had various perspectives and rich contents, but the research was mostly based on qualitative analysis, with strong subjectivity in the conclusion and time-consuming and labor-intensive in the large volume of literature survey. At present, there was a lack of research on the psychological characteristics of Zhang Juzheng, and there were contradictions and divergences in the evaluation of Zhang Juzheng. Therefore, it is very necessary to use objective and quantifiable tools to study Zhang Juzheng's psychological characteristics, so as to reduce the problems such as strong subjectivity of conclusion and inconsistent subjective evaluation.The development of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence technology provides new ideas and methods for objective quantitative analysis of historical figures. First of all, this paper established the text database of Zhang Juzheng's works. Then，we carried out data processing, keyword classification and difference test on the text database through Classic Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. Then, we obtained Zhang Juzheng's Big Five personality score through the ancient Big Five personality prediction tool. Finally, it analyzed the result data from the perspective of psychosemantic and Big Five personality, discussed Zhang Juzheng’s psychological characteristics. Based on those, this paper was composed of the following four researches: the overall psychosemantic characteristics, the psychosemantic differences before and after First Grand-secretaries, the psychosemantic differences before and after DuoQing event, the Big Five personality traits.1. Study 1 examined Zhang Juzheng's overall psychological characteristics from the psychosemantic perspectives with CC-LIWC program. Among the non-functional words, Zhang Juzheng's use of the power word (0.123) and the word work (0.076) ranked 1st and 2nd; the achievement word ranked in 15th place; the other keywords of personal concern ranked after 45th place. The results of this study indicated that Zhang Juzheng devoted himself to work, he had a high power, which were more consistent with previous research conclusions.2. Study 2 compared the psychosemantic differences before and after First Grand-secretaries through CC-LIWC program. After First Grand-secretaries, Zhang Juzheng's desire for power has become more inflated, and the workload and content had increased, as shown by the more power words (T=168.000, p=0.043) and work words (T=151.000,p=0.017). The above findings are in line with previous qualitative studies.3. Study 3 analyzed the differences in Zhang Juzheng's psychosemantic before and after the DuoQing event by using CC-LIWC program. The power words were not significant before and after DuoQing event, do not support the view that Zhang Juzheng's desire for power had expansion after DuoQing event. The incomprehension and impeachment from his close people made him sad, his sad words (T=232.500, p=0.032) increased.4. Study 4 used the Big Five personality analysis tool to portray Zhang Juzheng's Big Five personality traits. Judging from the scores of Agreeableness (16.00), Conscientiousness (45.00), Extraversion (35.00), Neuroticism (24.13), Openness (42.50), and Zhang Juzheng had high conscientiousness, extraversion and openness, medium Nervousness and low level of agreeableness.Compared with traditional research, the Big Data analysis tools quantitatively analyzed Zhang Juzheng's works and objectively presented Zhang Juzheng's psychological characteristics in a structured manner. The data results were objective and reproducible, which not only validated the conclusions of existing qualitative analysis, but also enhanced the efficiency of the analysis. It could be seen that Big Data quantitative analysis tools had certain effectiveness in studying Zhang Juzheng's psychological characteristics. |
| 英文摘要 | 张居正是明史乃至中国历史研究中不可或缺的人物，在某种程度上影响着历史的发展和进程。研究张居正的心理特点，能了解张居正的行为、动机、需要，情绪等方面的内在驱动力，从而更全面地还原张居正，更好地懂得当时当世的环境文化，为后人的治国经世、学习生活给予参考和警醒。学术界对张居正的研究角度多样且内容丰富，但研究多以定性分析为主，结论主观性较强，大批量文献勘查耗时费力。目前针对张居正心理特点的研究欠缺，并且对张居正的评价存在矛盾分歧点。因此，非常有必要使用客观的、可量化的工具对张居正的心理特点进行研究，进而减少结论主观性较强，主观评价不一致等问题。大数据和人工智能技术的发展，为针对历史人物的客观量化分析提供了新的思路和方法。本文首先建立了张居正的著作文本库；然后通过CC-LIWC 古文心理语义分析系统对该文本库进行数据处理、关键词分类和差异检验；再通过古人大五人格预测工具得到张居正的大五人格得分；最后从心理语义和大五人格两个角度分析结果，并对张居正的心理特点进行探讨。基于此，本文形成张居正的四个研究：整体心理语义特点研究，首辅前后的心理语义变化研究，夺情前后的心理语义变化研究，大五人格特点研究。1. 通过CC-LIWC 系统分析张居正的著作文本，实现对张居正的整体心理特点进行心理语义层面的分析。非功能词中，张居正使用的权利词（0.123）和工作词（0.076）排名第1、2 位；成就词排名第15 位；工作词以外的个人关切词排名均在45 位之后。说明张居正具有高权力欲望，高工作关切度的心理特点，该研究结果与过去研究结论较一致。2. 使用CC-LIWC 系统研究张居正首辅前后的著作，旨在确认张居正在该事件前后的心理语义差异。首辅之后，张居正的权力欲望更加膨胀，工作量和内容有所增加，表现为使用更多的权力词（T=168.000, p=0.043 ）和工作词（T=151.000,p=0.017 ）。以上结论，与以往的定性研究相符。3. 通过CC-LIWC 系统，对张居正在夺情前后的心理语义差异进行分析。夺情之后，张居正权力欲望没有显著差异，与过去研究有出入；亲近之人的不理解让张居正更悲伤，其悲伤词（T=232.500,p=0.032）使用增加。4. 使用古文大五人格预测工具，对张居正的大五人格特质进行刻画。从BFI44 的五个维度的分值来看，宜人性（16.00）、尽责性（45.00）、外倾性（35.00）、神经质性（24.13）、开放性（42.50），张居正具有高尽责性、外倾性和开放性，中等神经质水平、低水平宜人性。与传统研究相比，本文通过文言大数据分析工具定量地分析了张居正的书面文本，客观地对张居正的心理特点做了结构化的呈现，研究结果客观且可重复，不仅验证了现有定性分析的结论，同时提升了分析效率。可见大数据定量分析工具在研究张居正的心理特点方面，具备一定有效性。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41594]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_社会与工程心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李舒婷. 基于文言大数据的张居正心理特点研究-从心理语义及大五人格的角度[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
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