| 题名 | 基于横断设计和日记法探究高中生压力对抑郁症状的影响 |
| 作者 | 黄卫 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 陈祉妍 |
| 关键词 | 压力 抑郁症状 心理韧性 情绪 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 其他题名 | The influence of stress on depressive symptoms in high school students: based on the cross-sectional data and diary method |
| 学位专业 | 健康心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | Adolescents are the hope and future of their family and society. Due to physical growth and cognitive development, adolescents will experience huge changes. Researches have found that adolescence is also a period of high incidence of depression, and it is of great practical significance to explore the influential factors and mechanism of adolescent depression in response to the special Service Plan for Exploring Depression Prevention and Treatment released by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in 2020.The study aimed to explore the influence of stress on depressive symptoms in adolescents, and to explore the mediating mechanism between stress and depressive symptoms of resilience and emotion . Firstly, cross-sectional data were used to investigate the effect of stress on depressive symptoms in high school students and the mediating effect of resilience. Then, the longitudinal data collected by the diary method was used to explore the influence of stress on depression, and whether resilience and emotion could play a mediating role in the influence of stress on depression.This study includes the following two sub-studies: Study 1: The influence of stress on depressive symptoms in high school students. A total of 416 students from two high schools in Shandong Province participated in the study 1, with an average age of 16.72±2.09 years old. Male students accounted for 43.51% and female students for 56.49%(Sample 1). Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC), the 9-item Chinese version of CES-D and the resilience scale for adolescents were used in the study. The study 1 aimed at investigating the current situation of stress, depressive symptoms and resilience of high school students, and analyzing the demographic differences of them and verifying the mediating role of resilience between stress and depression. SPSS 21.0 and the process in it were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that high school students have a higher rate of depression (30.50%). The results of the mediating model showed that stress not only increased the of depression level directly, but also played a role in depressive symptoms through the loss of resilience, which played a partial mediating role between stress and depression.Study2: a daily diary study of perceived stress, resilience and depressive symptoms. The sample 2 used by study 2, which was collected by diary method. Based on sample 1, a total of 47 valid participants were collected in a convenient sampling method , with an average age of 17.09±0.50 years old. Male students accounted for 40.40% and female students for 59.60%(Sample 2). The survey lasted for 6 days and 272 questionnaires were collected. In the first 3 days, the final exam was held. After the examination, the summer vacation began. On the fifth day, a parent-teacher conference was held for the final exam. The PSS-10 perceived stress scale, the six-item short mood scale, the 9-item Chinese version of CES-D and the resilience scale for adolescents were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Study 2 aimed to investigate whether resilience and emotion could play multiple mediating roles in the influence of perceived stress on depression, and to explore the growth curve characteristics of high school students' perceived stress and emotion over time. It also aimed to explore how perceived stress dynamically affects emotion. SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that high school students' stressors reported the most frequent events related to exams and study, regardless of whether they were taking exams or not. Otherwise, high school students experienced the most stress from family conflicts and interpersonal interactions. The research has also shown that stress and emotion can be influenced by daily situational changes. The perceived stress increased linearly with time, with the highest perceived stress on the first day of the exam, and then decreased gradually. Emotion grew in an inverted U-shaped curve and peaked in the middle of the survey. The change of emotion and perceived stress was not completely synchronous, and the change of emotion was hysteresis. In the process of its independent development, perceived stress has a negative impact on emotion by reducing the initial positive degree (intercept) and accelerating the rate of negative emotional changes (slope). In addition, the results showed that perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with emotion, no matter between person or within person. Between person, perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience, and significantly positively correlated with depression. There was a significant negative correlation between emotion and depressive symptoms and a significant positive correlation between resilience and depression. However, the multiple mediating roles of resilience and emotion in the influence of perceived stress on depressive symptoms are not valid.Conclusion: Stress and emotion were unstable with the change of situation. The initial level and change rate for emotion was significantly related to perceived stress. In the cross-sectional study, resilience was a mediator between stress and depression. However, resilience and emotion have no multiple mediation effects on perceived stress and depressive symptoms between person. This review proposed that the mechanism of stress on depressive symptoms remains some unanswered questions which are worth studying in the future. |
| 英文摘要 | 青少年是家庭和社会的希望与未来。青春期个体面临身体发育和认知发展的双重变化，情绪具有很大波动性。研究发现，青春期是抑郁的高发期，探讨青春期抑郁症状的影响因素以及作用机制对于积极响应国家卫生健康委办公厅(2020)发布的《探索抑郁症防治特色服务工作方案》具有重要的实践意义。本研究旨在探索青少年压力对抑郁症状的影响，并对心理韧性和情绪在压力与抑郁症状之间的中介作用机制进行验证和探究。研究首先使用横断数据考察压力对高中生抑郁症状的影响及心理韧性的中介作用。然后采用日记法收集的追踪数据探究压力对抑郁症状的影响方式，同时探讨心理韧性与情绪是否能够在压力对抑郁症状的影响过程中起中介作用。本研究包含以下两个子研究，具体情况如下：研究一：高中生压力对抑郁症状的影响。采用的样本1为来自山东省两所高中的416名学生，平均年龄16.72±2.09岁，男生占比43.51%，女生占比56.49%。使用网络问卷的方式采用青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、流调中心抑郁量表中文简版（CESD-9）和青少年心理韧性量表进行问卷调查。研究一旨在调查高中生压力、心理韧性和抑郁症状的现状，并对变量的人口学差异进行比较，同时验证心理韧性在压力与抑郁症状间的中介作用。统计分析使用SPSS 21.0和process插件。结果发现，高中生抑郁检出率偏高（30.50%）。中介模型结果显示，压力既能通过直接作用加重抑郁症状，也能通过损耗心理韧性对抑郁症状产生影响，心理韧性在压力与抑郁症状间起部分中介作用。研究二：日记法研究压力知觉、心理韧性与抑郁症状的关系。采用日记法进行追踪数据研究，使用的样本2是在样本1的基础上以方便取样的方式征集到的47名有效被试，平均年龄17.09±0.50岁，男生占比40.40%，女生占比59.60%，共回收问卷272份。日记法调研共持续6天，其中前3天进行期末考试，考试完毕之后开始放暑假，调查的第5天针对期末考试情况召开家长会。采用网络问卷的形式使用压力知觉量表（PSS-10）、六项情绪短量表、流调中心抑郁量表中文简版（CESD-9）和青少年心理韧性量表进行问卷调查。研究二旨在验证心理韧性、情绪能否在压力知觉与抑郁间起多重中介作用。深入探究高中生压力知觉、情绪随时间的增长曲线特点以及压力知觉如何动态影响情绪。数据的统计分析使用SPSS 21.0和Mplus 8.3。结果发现，无论是否处于考试期间，高中生的压力源报告中出现频率最多的是与考试、学习相关事件。除此以外，高中生体验到最多的压力来自于家庭冲突和人际交往。研究证明了压力、情绪能够被日常情境变动影响。其中压力知觉随时间的变化呈线性增长，在考试第一天感知到的压力最大，之后逐渐降低。而情绪的增长曲线则呈倒U型，在调查中期达到峰值。情绪与压力知觉的变动不完全同步，情绪的变动具有滞后性。压力知觉在其独立发展的过程中能够通过降低情绪的初始积极程度（截距）和加快情绪消极变化的速度（斜率）对情绪产生消极影响。另外，多水平中介作用分析发现，无论在个体间水平还是个体内水平，压力知觉均与情绪显著负相关。个体间水平上，压力知觉与心理韧性显著负相关，与抑郁症状显著正相关；情绪与抑郁症状显著负相关，与心理韧性显著正相关；心理韧性与抑郁症状显著负相关；但是心理韧性和情绪预测抑郁症状的路径不成立。因此心理韧性和情绪在压力知觉对抑郁症状的影响中的多重中介作用不成立。研究结论：压力知觉与情绪会随日常情境变化发生波动，具有不稳定性。压力知觉通过影响情绪初始水平和变化速度对情绪产生动态影响。在横断研究中，心理韧性在压力与抑郁症状间起中介作用。但是在个体间水平上，心理韧性和情绪在压力与抑郁症状间的多重中介不成立。压力对抑郁症状之间的影响机制尚待进一步研究。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41623]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄卫. 基于横断设计和日记法探究高中生压力对抑郁症状的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
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