| 题名 | 初中生性格优势的特征及其影响因素的研究 |
| 作者 | 王海玲 |
| 答辩日期 | 2021-01 |
| 文献子类 | 硕士 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院心理研究所 |
| 其他责任者 | 张雨青 |
| 关键词 | 亲子依恋 性格优势 心理韧性 负性情绪 睡眠质量 |
| 学位名称 | 理学硕士（同等学力硕士） |
| 其他题名 | A study on the characteristics of junior high school students' character advantages and its influencing factors |
| 学位专业 | 发展与教育心理学 |
| 中文摘要 | Objective: To explore the character strength of junior high school students, influencing factors and mechanism between them, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for the research on character strength and the psychological intervention of junior high school students.Methods: Convenient sampling method was used to select students from grade 7 to grade 9 , four middle schools in Beijing and Zhengzhou of Henan Province as the research objects, a total of 1006 students participated in this research. The research tools include self-edited background information questionnaire,Concise Strength Scale, anxiety&depression and stress questionnaire, psychological resilience scale, parental & peer attachment questionnaire, Concise parental attachment short version and Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaire.Results: (1) The Concise Strength Scale has good reliability and validity in Chinese junior high school students. The character strength of junior high school students is significantly related to depression, anxiety, stress, parent-child attachment, and psychological resilience.(2) The character strength of the junior high school students in China has the characteristics of unity and complexity. The number of people with affinity as the dominant characteristic has the highest proportion among the single strength characteristics, and the group with willpower as the dominant characteristic has a relatively low proportion. Girls scored significantly higher in affinity characteristics than boys in gender difference analysis; boys scored significantly higher in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than girls; boys scored significantly higher in mental resilience than girls; while girls score higher than boys in parent-child attachment which is significant. The accommodation situation analysis found that junior high school students who board at school scored significantly higher in vitality characteristics than non-boarding students, and the differences in other variables were not significant. Grade differences and post-mortem test analysis found that the differences in the three dominant characteristics are not significant in all the grades. There is a significant grade difference in anxiety symptoms of junior high school students, which shows that the score of the upper junior high school students in anxiety symptoms is significantly higher than that of the lower junior high school students. There is a significant grade difference in the parent-child attachment, which shows that the score of the lower junior high school students in parent-child attachment is significantly higher than that of the upper junior high school students.Except for some demographic characteristics that have a significant predictive effect on personality dominance, junior high school students' psychological resilience, parent-child attachment are significantly positively correlated with their character strength, and also have a significant predictive effect on the three dominant features of willpower, affinity and vitality. The boarding accommodation has a significant prediction effect on the vitality characteristics, and the family monthly income status also has a significant prediction effect on the vitality characteristics of junior high school students.(3) Gender difference analysis found that girls scored significantly higher in sleep time than boys; boarding accommodation analysis found that boarding students scored significantly higher in time to fall asleep and sleep disorders than non-board students; The score of non-board students is significantly higher than that of boarding students. Grade differences and post-mortem analysis shows that there are significant grade differences in sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep time, sleep efficiency, daytime function and total sleep score. The overall sleep quality of grade 8 and grade 9 were worse than that of grade 7 .The difference between grade 8 and grade 9 is not significant. Character strength and sleep quality were significantly negatively correlated, and negative emotions were significantly positively correlated with sleep quality. Negative emotions play a complete mediating role between character strength and sleep quality.(4) Parent-child attachment, character strength, and psychological resilience of junior high school students are significantly negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, stress, and their total scores. Parent-child attachment and character strength indirectly affect junior high school students' negative emotions through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. The intermediary effect of character strength in parent-child attachment and junior high school students' negative emotions is not significant. Parent-child attachmentcan have an indirect effect on the negative emotions of junior high school students through the intermediary chain of character strength - psychological resilience.Conclusion: The results of this study show that character strength has significant characteristics in groups. Parent-child attachment, psychological resilience and other factors are important influencing factors for the development of character strength. The influence of character strength of junior high school students on sleep quality is achieved through the complete mediation of negative emotions. The chain intermediary model can better explain the intermediary role of character strength and psychological resilience between parent-child attachment and junior high school students' negative emotions. |
| 英文摘要 | 目的：探讨初中生性格优势特征、影响因素及其作用机制，为初中生性格优势相关研究和开展初中生心理干预工作提供科学的理论依据。方法：采用方便抽样方法选取北京市和河南省郑州市共四所中学初一到初三年级的在校生为研究对象，共有1006名学生参与本研究。研究工具主要包括自编背景资料调查问卷、简明优势量表、焦虑抑郁压力精简版、心理韧性量表、父母同伴依恋问卷-父母依恋简版和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷。结果：（1）简明优势量表在我国初中生群体中具有良好的信效度，初中生性格优势与抑郁、焦虑、压力、亲子依恋、心理韧性均存在显著相关。（2）我国初中生群体的性格优势具备单一性和复合性特征，其中，单一优势特征中以亲和力为优势特征的人群数量占比最高，以意志力为优势特征的人群占比相对较低。性别差异分析发现女生在亲和力特征上的得分显著高于男生；男生在抑郁症状、焦虑症状和压力症状上的得分均显著高于女生；男生在心理韧性上的得分显著高于女生；而女生在亲子依恋上的得分显著高于男生。寄宿情况差异分析发现寄宿初中生在生命力特征上的得分显著高于非寄宿学生，在其他变量中的差异均不显著。年级差异及事后检验分析发现三种优势特征在年级中的差异并不显著；初中生的焦虑症状存在显著的年级差异，表现为高年级初中生的焦虑症状显著高于低年级初中生；初中生的亲子依恋存在显著的年级差异，表现为低年级初中生的亲子依恋得分显著高于高年级初中生。除部分人口学特征对性格优势特征具有显著预测作用外，初中生的心理韧性、亲子依恋与其性格优势特征呈显著正相关，并对意志力、亲和力和生命力三个优势特征具有显著预测作用；寄宿情况对初中生的生命力特征有显著预测作用；家庭月收入情况对初中生的生命力特征有显著预测作用。（3）性别差异分析发现，女生在睡眠时间上的得分显著高于男生。寄宿情况差异分析发现，寄宿学生在入睡时间和睡眠障碍上的得分显著高于非寄宿学生，非寄宿学生在睡眠时间上的得分显著高于寄宿学生。年级差异及事后检验分析发现，在入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、日间功能、睡眠质量和睡眠总分上存在显著的年级差异，初二和初三年级的整体睡眠质量差于初一年级，初二和初三年级间差异不显著。研究发现，性格优势和睡眠质量呈显著负相关，负性情绪与睡眠质量呈显著正相关。负性情绪在性格优势与睡眠质量之间起完全中介作用。（4）初中生亲子依恋、性格优势、心理韧性与抑郁、焦虑、压力及其总分间均存在显著负相关。亲子依恋和性格优势通过心理韧性的中介作用间接影响初中生负性情绪。性格优势在亲子依恋与初中生负性情绪中的中介效用不显著。亲子依恋可以通过性格优势—心理韧性这一中介链对初中生负性情绪产生间接效用。结论：本研究结果表明性格优势有着显著的群体特征，亲子依恋、心理韧性等因素是性格优势发展的重要影响因素。初中生性格优势对睡眠质量的影响通过负性情绪的完全中介作用实现。链式中介模型能较好解释性格优势和心理韧性在亲子依恋与初中生负性情绪之间所起的中介作用。 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41548]  |
| 专题 | 心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王海玲. 初中生性格优势的特征及其影响因素的研究[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021. |
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