Resolved Neutral Carbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies: [C I] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab29ed

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	Resolved Neutral Carbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies: [C I] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers
	Jiao, Qian 1,2; Zhao, Yinghe 3,4,5; Lu, Nanyao 6,7,8; Gao, Yu 1,2; Salak, Dragan 9; Zhu, Ming 7,8; Zhang, Zhi-Yu 10,11; Jiang, Xue-Jian 1,2; Tan, Qinghua 1,2
刊名	ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
	2019-08-01
卷号	880 期号:2 页码:11
关键词	galaxies: spiral galaxies: starburst ISM: abundances ISM: atoms ISM: molecules
ISSN号	0004-637X
DOI	10.3847/1538-4357/ab29ed
英文摘要	We present maps of atomic carbon [C I](P-3(1) -> P-3(0)) and [C I](P-3(2) -> P-3(1)) emission (hereafter [C I] (1-0) and [C I] (2-1), respectively) at a linear resolution similar to 1 kpc scale for a sample of one H II, six LINER, three Seyfert, and five starburst galaxies observed with the Herschel Space Observatory. We compare spatial distributions of two [C I] lines with that of CO J = 1 -> 0 (hereafter CO (1-0)) emission, and find that both [C I] lines distribute similarly to CO (1-0) emission in most galaxies. We present luminosity ratio maps of L[C I](1-0)'/LCO(1-0)', L[C I](2-1)'/LCO(1-0)', L[C I](2-1)'/L[C I](1-0)' (hereafter R-[C I] and 70-to-160 mu m far-infrared color of f(70)/f(160). L[C I](2-1)'/LCO(1-0)', R-[C I] and f(70)/f(160) are centrally peaked in starbursts; whereas they remain relatively constant in LINERs, indicating that star-forming activity can enhance carbon emission, especially for [C I] (2-1). We explore the correlations between the luminosities of CO (1-0) and [C I] lines, and find that LCO(1-0)' correlates tightly and almost linearly with both L[C I](1-0)' and L[C I](2-1)', suggesting that [C I] lines, similar to CO (1-0), can trace total molecular gas in H II, LINER, Seyfert, and starburst galaxies on kpc scales. We investigate the dependence of L[C I](1-0)'/LCO(1-0)', L[C I](2-1)'/LCO(1-0)' and [C I] excitation temperature, T-ex, on dust temperature, T-dust, and find noncorrelation and a weak and modest correlation, respectively. The ratio of L[C I](1-0)'/LCO(1-0)' stays a smooth distribution in most galaxies, indicating that the conversion factor of [C I] (1-0) luminosity to H-2 mass (X[CI](1-0)) changes with CO (1-0) conversion factor (alpha(CO)) proportionally. Under optically thin and local thermodynamical equilibrium assumptions, we derive a galaxy-wide average carbon excitation temperature of T-ex similar to 19.7 +/- 0.5 K, and an average neutral carbon abundance of X [CI]/X [H-2] similar to 2.5 +/- 1.0 x 10(-5) in our resolved sample, which is comparable to the usually adopted value of 3 x 10(-5), but similar to 3 times lower than the carbon abundance in local (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies. We conclude that the carbon abundance varies in different galaxy types.
资助项目	National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China[2017YFA0402704] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11673057] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11861131007] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11420101002] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[U1531246] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11673028] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11603075] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11803090] ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences[QYZDJ-SSW-SLH008] ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province
WOS关键词	ATOMIC CARBON ; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS ; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM ; INFRARED GALAXIES ; SPIRAL GALAXIES ; STAR-FORMATION ; STARBURST ; M82 ; CLOUDS
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种	英语
出版者	IOP PUBLISHING LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000478735500007
资助机构	National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province ; Youth 1000-talent Program of Yunnan Province
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/27211]
专题	中国科学院国家天文台
通讯作者	Jiao, Qian
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Observ, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Struct & Evolut Celestial Objects, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Astron Mega Sci, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 6.CCJCA, Camino El Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile 7.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 8.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Radio Astron, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 9.Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Sch Sci & Technol, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 6691337, Japan 10.Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Royal Observ, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jiao, Qian,Zhao, Yinghe,Lu, Nanyao,et al. Resolved Neutral Carbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies: [C I] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,2019,880(2):11.
APA	Jiao, Qian.,Zhao, Yinghe.,Lu, Nanyao.,Gao, Yu.,Salak, Dragan.,...&Tan, Qinghua.(2019).Resolved Neutral Carbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies: [C I] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers.ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL,880(2),11.
MLA	Jiao, Qian,et al."Resolved Neutral Carbon Emission in Nearby Galaxies: [C I] Lines as Total Molecular Gas Tracers".ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 880.2(2019):11.