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题名	从干辣椒中提取和纯化辣椒碱的工艺过程研究
作者	雷超
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2010-06-02
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	刘会洲 ; 常志东
关键词	辣椒碱 氨水浸提 溶剂萃取 溶解度 冷却结晶
其他题名	Study on separation and pruification of capsaicin from chili peppers
学位专业	化学工艺
中文摘要	辣椒碱是辣椒产生辛辣味的主要物质，具有生物活性。溶剂萃取分离纯化辣椒碱具有设备投资小，处理量大的优点；但辣椒碱的收率较低。本论文在酸碱法工艺基础上，采用氨水作为溶剂，分别考察了浸提、萃取、纯化步骤中各种因素对辣椒碱萃取收率的影响。在浸提阶段，采用氨水为浸提溶剂，研究了氨水pH值、液固比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数对辣椒碱浸提率的影响，并优化了浸提条件，同乙醇浸提法和氢氧化钠浸提法相比，氨水浸提法成本低、易操作和易于工业化。在萃取阶段，采用模拟体系筛选出乙酸丁酯为辣椒碱的萃取溶剂。在此体系中进行了萃取工艺条件的优化研究，最后用优化的乙酸丁酯对实际氨水浸提液中的辣椒碱进行萃取实验，取得与模拟体系相近的萃取结果。在纯化阶段，采用平衡法测定了辣椒碱在一些常见溶剂中的溶解度曲线，最后用乙醚作为冷却剂对辣椒碱的结晶条件进行了研究。在匀速降温、转速120r/min条件下，辣椒碱达到了71.2%的较高纯度。同柱层析法比较，该法节省了有机溶剂，缩短了纯化时间，提高了辣椒碱的纯度。
英文摘要	Capsaicin is the main material makes out a pungent flavor of red pepper. It has the biological activity. At present, although solvent extraction of capsaicin has the advantage of low equipment investment and big handling capacity, the low extraction rate of the capsaicin can not meet the heavy market demand yet. This paper which is on the basis of acid and alkali techniques, by using the ammonia as solution, makes a study of many factors that influence the extraction rate of the capsaicin in the leaching, extraction and purification. In the leaching stage, firstly the amount of capsaicin in the hot pepper was measured. Secondly, the process and conditions of capsaicin leaching by using ammonia as solution were researched experimentally. After having observed the structure of hot pepper by means of SEM, the steps of capsaicin leaching in ammonia were extrapolated. Lastly, comparing with the ethanol-leaching process and the sodium hydroxide-leaching process, the ammonia-leaching process was the one with lower costs and is much more easy-operating and much easier to be industrialized. In the extraction stage, The experiments showed with the n-butyl acetate as extracting agent, when PH value of aqueous phase is 11 and phase ratio is 1:1, the concentration of capsaicin is much higher in the organic phase. And then the activities of capsaicin molecule in the extraction were inquired into. At last, the process of the capsaicin extraction in real system by using the n-butyl acetate as extracting agent was researched. The results in real system had the same trend with which are in simulation system, but the yield of simulation system was 25% less than the yield of real system. In the purification stage, firstly, the solubility of capsaicin in many common solvents were studied with the balance method, the result showed ether can be chosen as solvent in cooling crystallizing. Secondly, the process of cooling crystallization was determined, it could obtain high-purity capsaicin whose purity quotient is 71.2% when temperature decreases even-pace and the rotate speed was 120r/min. At last, comparing with the column chromatography, the cooling crystallization could not only use less organic solvent and less time, but also could obtain capsaicin with much higher purity.
公开日期	2013-09-17
页码	77
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1510]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	雷超. 从干辣椒中提取和纯化辣椒碱的工艺过程研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.

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