| 题名 | 溶剂气浮及气助溶剂萃取过程的基础研究 |
| 作者 | 马印臣 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2010-06-07 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 导师 | 刘会洲 |
| 关键词 | 溶剂气浮法 气助溶剂萃取法 乙酸丁酯 机理 鼓泡塔 水力学 |
| 其他题名 | Fundamental research on solvent sublation and air-assisted solvent extraction |
| 学位专业 | 化学工艺 |
| 中文摘要 | 探索回收青霉素废水中的少量有机物的新方法是十分重要的工作，溶剂气浮法和气助溶剂萃取法是一种是基于气-液界面现象的新分离技术。论文对有机溶剂进行了筛选，考察了混合溶剂对不同BA浓度水溶液萃取性能的影响。讨论了有机溶剂的体积、废水中固相物质及分离体系性质等因素对溶剂气浮法分离BA的影响。研究发现，用酵母发酵液模拟溶液可以较好地模拟发酵废水体系的溶剂气浮过程。溶剂气浮也可用于废水中少量青霉素的富集回收。考察了废水以乳液状态存在时各操作参数对溶剂气浮过程的影响。通过对分离过程中乳液液滴粒径变化的考察，得到了溶剂气浮过程中可分离的最小液滴直径，解释了溶剂气浮进行到一定程度后分离效率不再提高的原因。 对溶剂气浮过程进行了热力学研究，得到了不同温度下BA的亨利常数、饱和吸附层厚度、饱和吸附量、极限分子面积和标准表面自由能等一系列的热力学数据。考察了溶剂气浮过程中两个重要的分离机理，即表面吸附与溶质挥发在分离过程中所占的比重。结果表明，相对于挥发来讲，表面吸附不是溶剂气浮过程的主要机理。对溶剂气浮过程进行了动力学研究。该过程不符合一级动力学特征。考察了工艺操作条件及设备参数对单塔型设备内气助溶剂萃取过程的影响，开发了一套新型的双塔型气助溶剂萃取设备。研究了两种塔设备对青霉素含BA废水的分离性能，考察了气助溶剂萃取过程在实际体系中应用的可行性。 |
| 英文摘要 | It is a very important work to develop a new separation process to separate and recover a small amount of organics in the wastewater of penicillin plant. Bubble separations are novel processes based on air-water interfacial phenomena. In the dissertation, basic studies on solvent sublation and air-assisted solvent extraction were carried out in this dissertation for the purpose of separation of butyl acetate (BA) from its solutions or wastewater. Separation of BA from the O/W type model emulsion by solvent sublation with Span-80 as the emulsion surfactant was studied. The investigation was mainly focused on the effects of physiochemical properties of the emulsion and process parameters on the separation performance. The results showed that the separation did not follow first-order kinetics for the whole process. It was also found that the removal efficiency increased with the increase of coalescence of particles. Our results showed that only droplets with the diameter larger than 500nm can be removed from the model emulsions by solvent sublation. When the system was in emulsion type and the diameters of droplets in the emulsion were larger than 500nm, solvent sublation won the advantage over solvent extraction with respect to the removal efficiency. The thermodynamics of solvent sublation was investigated. Some thermodynamics parameters were obtained. A calculation and comparison is made between the surface adsorption amount on a bubble (msurface) and the total amount of solute interior the bubble (mvapor) at different temperatures. The results showed that the adsorption on the bubble surface was not the main mechanism in solvent sublation compared with volatilization into the bubble interior. A new kind of process named as air-assisted solvent extraction was studied and some experimental work has been carried out. The operation conditions were optimized. The separation efficiency of AASX was about 38% with a single column. A new equipment was designed which coupled two columns. This equipment was used in the separation of BA from penicillin wastewater. The extraction efficiency in the extraction column was about 23%, while the total separation efficiency increased to 60% by the treatment of sublation under the optimal operating conditions. The entrainment of extractant in the wastewater could be effectively reduced by AASX. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-17 |
| 页码 | 145 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1495]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马印臣. 溶剂气浮及气助溶剂萃取过程的基础研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010. |
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