| 题名 | 海洋硫酸盐还原菌用于烟气生物脱硫的基础研究 |
| 作者 | 潘嘉川 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008-05-31 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 过程工程研究所 |
| 导师 | 张懿 |
| 关键词 | 生物烟气脱硫 海洋硫酸盐还原菌 分离方法 新属 嗜温硫酸盐还原菌 嗜盐性 最佳生长条件 |
| 其他题名 | Fundamental Research on Marine Sulphate Reducing Bacteria in Biological Flue Gas Desulfurization |
| 学位专业 | 环境工程 |
| 中文摘要 | 煤炭燃烧生成的SO2随烟气进入大气，形成酸雨，对生态环境及经济发展产生极大危害。而目前我国的能源结构以煤炭为主, 占一次能源的75%,并且随着经济的增长, 在今后若干年内还有上升的趋势。在各种消除及治理SO2的方法中，生物法脱硫去除率高、成本低、能耗少, 展示了广阔的应用前景。但在生物烟气脱硫工艺中存在如下问题：吸收液的温度较高、其含盐量随循环数逐渐升高，使用于脱硫的菌种难以生长；厌氧微生物的世代时间长于水力停留时间，反应器持菌量较低；此外，烟气脱硫中需要外加碳源，所以降低碳硫比成为降低工程运行成本的一条合理途径。针对烟气脱硫的以上特点，本研究首先从海洋底泥中富集筛选出嗜盐菌群及高温菌群，并对其中的硫酸盐还原菌进行了分离鉴定，其次，从中筛选出一个海洋嗜盐硫酸盐菌群进行了条件实验，确定其合适的工艺参数，主要成果如下： 1．从热液口附近的底泥样品中富集得到2个高温硫酸盐还原菌群，从近海底泥中富集得到10个硫酸盐还原菌菌群。从高温硫酸盐还原菌菌群中分离得到了一株SRB-15-2菌株，经16s r DNA测序比对，发现最相似的16s rDNA序列与其只有92%的相似度，为一新属；从近海硫酸盐还原菌菌群中分离得到一株SRB-2-64，其菌落表面具有很大的黏度，且可以在以乙酸钠为单一碳源的培养基上生长。 2．本研究发明了一种分离高温（50oC以上）厌氧菌的新方法。本方法在厌氧工作站操作箱内将稀释好的富集液与高温半固体培养基混合后，分装于厌氧管中。然后就可以将厌氧管从工作站内取出，放入温度设定较高的恒温培养箱中培养。待厌氧管中长出黑色小圆点后（约每管4~5个），即可将其在厌氧工作站内取出，进行纯化。 3．将菌群SRB-2用于SO42-废水处理工艺研究表明，SRB-2为嗜盐中温硫酸盐还原菌群, 可以利用乙醇及乳酸为单一碳源，最佳生长温度为30oC～40oC，最佳生长pH值为7.4～8.3，SRB-2菌群能够在硫酸根浓度为5200 mg/L或盐度为60g/L的条件下正常生长，还原铁粉对该菌群还原硫酸根的能力具有加强作用，而二价铁离子则抑制细菌活性。扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜对菌体形态研究发现，在反应器填料表面，该菌群中有大量短杆状及螺旋状细菌黏附，而在底部，主要为表面覆盖大量黑色粘稠物质，由短杆状细菌组成。 |
| 英文摘要 | SO2 by coal burning flows into aerosphere and may form acid rain, resulting in phenomenal loss in both economical and environmental ways. But nowadays energy source in our country is mainly coal, accounting for 75% of primary energy sources, and with economic growth, this proportion might grow further. In all the processes treating SO2, Biological flue gas desulfurization (BFGD) is comparatively effective, low-cost and energy-saving and has a great perspective. Nevertheless, there are still some problems it has: the high temperature and growing concentration of salt in the absorbent inhibits the sulphate reducing bacteria (SRBs) and because for anaerobic microbes, the generation time is normally longer than hydraulic retention time (HRT), the concentration of SRBs is low in the reactor; in addition, BFGD needs carbon sources during the operation, so the lower ratio of COD/SO42-, the lower the cost. According to these characteristics above, in this research, the halophilic SRB communities and mesophile SRB communities are obtained and 11 pure cultures of SRB is isolated and identified; based on single-factor experiments, community SRB-2 is studied for the parameter in operation. In this thesis, the following achievements and progress were exhibited: 1. From the hydrothermal vent sediment, two SRB communities are obtained; from near-sea sediment, ten SRB communities are obtained. A mesophile SRB pure culture is isolated from the hydrothermal vent sediment and identified as a new genus (Max Ident 92%) by 16s r DNA sequencing and comparing in NCBI. Pure culture SRB-2-64 is isolated from near-sea sediment and has sticky cover; it can gown on the media plate with acetic salt as the single carbon source. 2. A new method to isolate mesophile SRB is invented. In an anaerobic chamber, diluted bacteria liquid is mixed in semisolid media and loaded in anaerobic tubes. Those anaerobic tubes can be taken from anaerobic chamber and set in incubator at temperature above 50oC. When black dots appear in the tubes, they can be taken from the semisolid for purification in anaerobic chamber. 3. The effect of salinity, temperature, pH value, carbon source, concentration of sulfate and the form of Fe on the activity of SRB-2 was studied. The results show that SRB-2 is a halophilous and moderately mesophilous SRB community. The optimal conditions for its growth are as follows: temperature of 30～40 centigrade and pH value of 7.4～8.3; it can endure 5200mg/L SO42- and 60g/L NaCl. Zero-valent Fe can promote the reductive activity of SRB-2, while Fe2+ inhibits that. SEM and optical microscopic measurements indicate many rod-shaped and spiral bacteria on the surface of padding in reactor and black sticky substance composed of rod-shaped bacteria on the bottom of reactor. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-09-13 |
| 页码 | 92 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1239]  |
| 专题 | 过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 潘嘉川. 海洋硫酸盐还原菌用于烟气生物脱硫的基础研究[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2008. |
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