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题名	耐盐碱植物牛角瓜成分及物化性质研究
作者	李瑞
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2007-06-03
授予单位	中国科学院过程工程研究所
授予地点	过程工程研究所
导师	赵兵
关键词	牛角瓜 烷烃 能源指标 超声波提取 强心苷
其他题名	Study on The Physical and Chemical Properties and Constitutes in Calotropis gigantean against Salt and Alkaline
学位专业	生物化工
中文摘要	发展清洁可再生的生物质能源是解决化石能源匮乏和生存环境恶化的有效途径之一，作为主要生物质能源原料的能源植物正在成为研究的热点。牛角瓜具有生长速度快、耐盐碱、耐干旱、含有多种能源成分等优良特性，因而具有作为能源植物的潜力。本文以海南产牛角瓜（Calotropis gigantean）为研究对象，较系统地研究了其物理特性、烷烃组成、主要能源指标等，同时系统研究了牛角瓜中强心苷高效提取新技术，为综合利用奠定了基础。 对牛角瓜植株和汁液物理特性进行了研究。植株各部分含水率从高到低依次为：叶、全株、茎和皮；新鲜植物榨取的汁液在5℃下密封保存3个月后与新鲜汁液相比，颜色明显加重，pH值增大，电导率增大，刺激性气味增强，汁液在放置过程中加入苯丙酸钠可防止汁液发霉腐败。 首次对牛角瓜中多糖、蛋白质、灰分、皂化值和纤维素等进行了研究。在全株中，多糖和蛋白质较高，分别为171.63mg/g和118.80mg/g；汁液经放置三个月后，多糖含量增加，蛋白质含量减少；全株灰分含量在8.0%~9.0%之间；高位发热量为17.93MJ/kg，挥发分高达73.14%；植株中皮的皂化值最高，相当于油酸含量4.92%。纤维素、半纤维素和木质素总含量，茎为90.85%和果实为85.97%。牛角瓜全株碳氢总含量达到49.51%，全硫含量为0.55%，低于煤中有机硫的含量（0.80%-3.20%），远低于煤中总硫含量。 首次对牛角瓜中的烷烃组成及含量进行了系统的研究。新鲜汁液进行红外光谱检测，样品在波数2900㎝-1和1500㎝-1附近处出现甲基、亚甲基的C-H键的作用引起的直链烷烃的特征峰。进一步采用气－质联用分析，结果表明：牛角瓜整株中总烷烃(C7到C44直链饱和烷烃)含量为0.01%-0.015%，汁液中总烷烃的含量为0.02%-0.03%，其中C21烷烃含量最高，占总烷烃的52.98%左右。 由于牛角瓜苷具有多种用途和较高的经济价值，为提高牛角瓜利用效益，本文首次对牛角瓜中的强心苷成分进行了超声提取研究，对于过80目筛子的牛角瓜样品中的强心苷提取超声优化条件为：液固比＝40：1，功率700w，提取溶剂70%无水乙醇，提取温度20℃，提取时间30min。此优化条件下的提取率为18h索式提取的94.62%。
英文摘要	Due to the shortage and deterioration of environment of fossil energy resource, cleanly and reproducible biomass energy resource, especially energy plant, has attracted most industrial interest. Calotropis gigantean with energy-producing components has characters of fast growth and against salt and alkaline, hence it is a potential energy-producing plant. Using Calotropis gigantean grown in HaiNan province as a research material, its hydrocarbon, constitutes and energy indexes were systematically investigated. The physical characters of whole plant of Calotropis gigantean and its juice were investigated. The water contents in sequence from high to low were leaf, bark, whole plant and stem. Comparing the juice stored under 5℃ for 3 months with fresh juice, the former had deeper colour, higher pH, higher conductivity and stronger smell. Adding 0.1% phenylpropionic acid sodium ( PPAS ) to the juice prevented it from mildewing. The components in C. gigantean were examined. The contents of polysaccharide and protein were 171.63mg/g and 118.80mg/g in the whole plant and 13.74mg/ml and 2.34 mg/ml in the fresh juice respectively. After three months storing the juice at 5℃, polysaccharide and protein were 15.16mg/ml and 0.78mg/ml. For whole plant, ash content, gross calorific value and volatile were 8.63%, 17.93MJ/kg and 73.14%. The saponification value of the bark was the highest and matched 4.92% oleic acid. The total contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the stem and fruit were 90.85% and 85.97%. The total contents of carbon and hydrogen in the whole plant reached 49.51% and the total sulfur content was 0.55% which much lower than that of coal (0.80%-3.20%). The IR analysis results indicated that hydrocarbons existed in the plant juice, and the characteristic peaks caused by C-H bond of methyl and submethyl in straight chain hydrocarbons appeared around at 2900 cm-1and 1500 cm-1 respectively . According to the results of GC-MS, there were 0.01%-0.015% total straight chain alkyl hydrocarbons (C7-C44) in the entire plant and 0.02%-0.03% hydrocarbons in the plant juice in which the content of C21 hydrocarbon was the highest, which was 52.98% of the total hydrocarbons in plant juice. Since higher economic value of cardiac g1ycosides in C. gigantean, extraction of cardiac g1ycosides were also investigated. When the powder size of C. gigantean was 80 mesh, the optimal conditions of cardiac glycoside extraction were as follows: extraction temperature was 20℃, the ratio of liquid to solid was 40:1, ethanol content was 70%, extraction time was 30min and ultrasonic power was 700w, under these conditions, the extraction rate of cardiac glycoside reached 94.62%.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-13
页码	73
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1142]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李瑞. 耐盐碱植物牛角瓜成分及物化性质研究[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2007.

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