| 题名 | 龙泉山低山丘陵区柏木纯林及其混交林土壤水肥效应比较研究 |
| 作者 | 黄容 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009-05-01 |
| 导师 | 潘开文 ; 李伟 |
| 关键词 | 柏木纯林 混交林 土壤孔隙度与持水状况 土壤有机碳 土壤氮素 土壤磷素 土壤酶 土壤微生物量 主成分分析 pure and mixed Cupressus funebris plantations soil porosity and water capacity soil carbon soil nitrogen soil phosphorus soil enzyme soil microbial biomass principal component analysis |
| 其他题名 | Comparison of Soil Water and Fertility under Pure and Mixed Cupressus Funebris Plantations of the Longquan Mountain |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究选择龙泉山脉柏茂山地区的几种人工林（柏木纯林、枫柏混交林、槐柏混交林、桤柏混交林）和农耕地土壤，通过剖面分层取样，测定土壤碳、氮、磷养分及其转化过程相关酶类、微生物量及土壤孔隙和持水状况等来反映土壤肥力状况。旨在揭示柏木纯林及其混交林对该区域土壤的改良效果，以期为该区域水土保持和土壤肥力恢复提供一种较优的树种搭配模式，也为该区域退耕还林植被的营造和后期的科学管理提供理论依据。主要研究结果是: 1. 柏木混交林土壤容重低于柏木纯林；三种混交林中槐柏、桤柏混交林土壤容重低于枫柏混交林。0-20cm土层槐柏混交林土壤最大持水量为39.27%，毛管持水量为27.39%，最小持水量为24.12%，明显高于其它林分土壤；枫柏混交林次之。柏木混交林土壤孔隙度高于纯林，枫柏混交林土壤总孔隙最高，槐柏混交林次之。 2. 柏木混交林和耕地土壤有机碳、有机质、DOC含量、淀粉酶、蔗糖酶活性、SMBC含量高于柏木纯林。槐柏、枫柏混交林表层土壤C/N显著低于其它林分。槐柏混交林土壤有机质、DOC含量显著高于枫柏、桤柏混交林。淀粉酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶活性随着土层深度的增加而减弱。三种混交林中，槐柏混交林土壤淀粉酶、蔗糖酶活性最高，其次为桤柏，枫柏最低。0-20cm土层，柏木纯林土壤多酚氧化酶活性最高，槐柏混交林最低；20-40cm土层，枫柏混交林和柏木纯林土壤多酚氧化酶活性最高。0-20cm土层，槐柏混交林土壤SMBC含量最高。 3. 柏木混交林土壤无机氮含量、蛋白酶、脲酶活性显著高于柏木纯林；三种混交林土壤无机氮含量差异显著，槐柏最高，枫柏最低。槐柏和桤柏混交林土壤NH4+-N含量显著高于柏木纯林，而枫柏混交林与柏木纯林无显著差异。0-20cm土层槐柏和桤柏混交林土壤NO3--N含量显著高于柏木纯林，20-40cm土层柏木混交林土壤硝态氮含量显著高于柏木纯林。另外，5种林地土壤氮素以NO3--N为主。0-20cm土层，槐柏和枫柏混交林土壤DON含量显著高于柏木纯林和桤柏混交林。槐柏混交林土壤SMBN含量最高，枫柏混交林土壤微生物量氮含量最低。 4. 本实验区域土壤磷素含量较低。农耕地土壤全磷含量最高。柏木纯林和混交林土壤有效磷含量在2.24 mg. kg -1-6.67mg.kg-1之间。农耕地和刺槐混交林土壤中有效磷、SMBP含量、酸性和中性磷酸酶活性最高。且本实验区土壤磷酸酶以中性磷酸酶为主。 5. 综合土壤碳、氮、磷素和土壤孔隙度、持水量等肥力指标，对柏木纯林和混交林进行土壤肥力质量主成分分析，五个主成分占全部信息量的94.39%。柏木纯林和混交林上层土壤综合因子得分比较，槐柏混交林排名第一，其次为枫柏混交林，桤柏混交林次之，柏木纯林最低；下层土壤综合因子得分，槐柏最高，其次为枫柏混交林，桤柏混交林次之，柏木纯林最低。 上述结果综合表明：柏木混交林的水肥效益明显优于柏木纯林；枫柏、槐柏、桤柏三种混交林中，槐柏混交林水肥效益最好，可考虑为当地造林的优选混交树种。 Soils were selected from several plantations and farm land in the Longquan Mountain, including pure Cupressus funebris(PC), mixed Cupressus funebris and Acer truncatum Bunge(CAC), mixed Cupressus funebris and Robinia pseudoacacia L(CRO), mixed Cupressus funebris and Alnus cremastogyne Burkill(CAL). In order to evaluate the effect of pure and mixed Cupressus funebris plantations on soil warter and fertilizer, and to find the best pattern of vegetation restoration, and further to provide the theoretic basis for sustainable management, the soil C, N, P and their corresponding enzymes, soil microbial biomass and soil water conservation were measured. The major results are: 1. Bulk density of mixed plantations was lower than pure, and in the three mixed plantations, CRO and CAL were lower than CAC. In 0-20cm soil layer, Max-moisture, capillary and min-moisture capacity of CRO were respectively 24.12%, 27.39%, 39.27%, which were the highest than those in the other plantations and CAC was followed. Soil porosity of mixed plantations was higher than that of pure plantation, and among in the three mixed plantations, CAC was the highest, CRO followed by CRO. 2. TOC, SOM, DOC, amylase, invertase enmyze activity, SMBC of mixed plantations were higher than those of pure plantation. C/N of CRO and CAC were significantly lower than others. And among the three mixed plantations, SOM and DOC of CRO were the highest. Additionally, amylase, invertase enmyze and polyphenol oxidase decreased with the increasing soil depths in the all forest ecosystems. Among the three mixed plantations, amylase and invertase enmyze activity of CRO was the highest, but CAC was the lowest. 0-20cm layer, polyphenol oxidase activity of PC was the highest, but CRO was the lowest. 20-40cm layer, polyphenol oxidase activity of CAC and PC was the highest of all. And 0-20cm layer, CRO of SMBC was higher than others. 3. SIN, soil Protease and Urease enzyme activity of mixed plantations were significantly higher than pure. And SIN of the three mixed plantation had significantly difference. SIN in CRO was the highest and the lowest in CAC. NH4+-N of CRO and CAL was significantly higher than PC, and CAC had no significantly difference with PC. In 0-20cm layer, NO3--N of CRO and CAL was significantly higher than PC, and in 20-40cm layer NO3--N of mixed plantation was significantly higher than PC. Additionally, in all plantations NO3--N was the basis inorganic N. In 0-20cm layer, DON of CRO and CAC was significantly higher than CAL and PC. In all layers, SMBN of CRO was the highest, and CAC was the lowest. 4. Phosphorus of this area was lower. Total phosphorus of farm land was the highest. And available phosphorus of pure and mixed plantations was 2.24-6.67mg.kg-1. Available phosphorus, SMBP, acid phosphatase, neutral phosphatase activity of farm land and CRO were the highest. Additionally, neutral phosphatase accounted for the most amount of phosphatase in the soil of this area. 5. Multivariate statistical principal component analysis was adopted to evaluate soil fertility rank, taking for C, N, P and soil porosity, water capacity factors of pure and mixed Cupressus funebris plantations and farmland. The cumulative contribution of the first 5 principal components of soil fertility factors is 94.39%. The integrated score was calculated in virtue of SPSS statistical software. As far as the improved effects on forest soil after converting lands into forests was concerned, CRO was the best one among all patterns about all level soil, while PC was the worst one. Results showed that mixed plantation of water and fertilizer efficiency was better than PC. CRO was the best, and it could be considered for the local preferred mixed species reforestation. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 学科主题 | 生态学 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-11-24 |
| 页码 | 71 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://210.75.237.14/handle/351003/242]  |
| 专题 | 成都生物研究所_生态研究 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄容. 龙泉山低山丘陵区柏木纯林及其混交林土壤水肥效应比较研究[D]. 2009. |
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