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题名	博斯腾湖最低生态水位及沼泽芦苇需水规律
作者	李新虎
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	宋郁东，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	博斯腾湖
其他题名	Study on The Lowest Ecological Water Level And The Law of Water Demand of Swamp Reed in Bosten Lake
中文摘要	水是人类各项经济活动的命脉，是人类生活和社会经济发展不可代替的重要资源，而湖泊是水资源的重要组成部分，由于自然和人为原因的影响，近些年来由于不合理的利用导致了湖泊水位下降，出现了湖泊萎缩、水质恶化、湖泊生态系统退化等问题，引起社会广泛关注，迫切需要研究湖泊生态需水以协调人类与湖泊的关系。生态水位和植被需水都是湖泊生态需水的重要组成部分，因此研究湖泊最低生态水位和植被需水规律具有重要意义。本文根据博斯腾湖的具体情况对博斯腾湖的最低生态水位和沼泽芦苇的需水规律进行了研究。本文的主要研究成果和特色之处主要归纳为： (1) 提出了湖泊最低生态水位的计算方法，认为以湖泊任何单个指标计算都是以该指标为侧重点的，针对性很强，但不能综合考虑，而且不同计算方法所得的计算结果也不相同，所以提出湖泊最低生态水位的计算方法综合指标法，该方法综合考虑了湖泊的各项指标，指标的选取可根据湖泊特点来选取，根据实际情况确定权重。 (2) 根据博斯腾湖具体情况选取天然水位资料、湖泊形态和芦苇3种指标为依据分别计算博斯腾湖的最低生态水位，计算结果分别为1047.06m，1047.41m和1047.20m，然后通过综合分析以上这3种指标所占权重，进行加权计算，最终确定博斯腾湖最低生态水位为1047.16 m，通过分析表明1047.16 m作为博斯腾湖最低生态水位是合理的，综合指标法作为湖泊最低生态水位的计算方法切实可行。 (3) 对博斯腾湖芦苇的需水规律进行了实地观测，得出博斯腾湖芦苇7-9月的蒸散量，计算出7、8、9月的植物修正系数分别为：1.5，1.43，1.06，7-9月平均值为1.33，同时根据Penman-Monteith 公式算出7、8、9月月植物系数，分别为：1.60，1.61，1.46，7-9月的平均值为1.56。Water is economic arteries in all kinds of activities, water resources is important and irreplaceable resources in mankind living and in the economic and social development. The lake is a important components of water recourse. People unilaterally emphasize the exploitation of lakes and ignore the frangibility of the ecosystems. A large quantity of unreasonable exploitation activities have emerged, such as land reclamation surrounding lakes, serious loss of the vegetation, discharge of the water from industry and agriculture, and so on. It caused attention extensively by society, and need to study ecological water demand urgently, to moderate mankind's relationship with lake. The lowest ecological water level and the law of water demand of swampy reed is important constituent in ecological water demand in lake. This paper study on lowest ecological water level and the law of water demand of swampy reed according to the circs of Bosten. This paper have the main results as follows: (1) This paper put forward the composite index method to calculate the lowest ecological water level, the methods to calculate the lowest ecological level of lake according to one index or target, be short of integration, and the results are different for different methods, and the final result was sure very difficult. The composite index method considerate each target, the index are selected according to the circs. (2) According to the circs of Bosten select 3ndex, that is natural water level date, the lake morphology, reed to calculate the lowest ecological level. The results are 1047.06m, 1047.41m, 1047.20m. According to every factor contribution to the lowest ecological level, the weighting coefficient of every factor was considered. The final result show that it is reasonable that the value 1047.16m as the lowest ecological water level, and the composite index method is feasible. (3) The law of water demand of swampy reed is measured by experiment, and the evapotranspiration of reeds is getten, the value of ratio between evapotranspiration of reed and water evaporation from July to Soptember, the results are1.5, 1.43 and 1.06, the average of value is 1.33, and calculate the plant coefficient according to Penman-Monteith function form July to Soptember, the results are 1.60, 1.61 and 1.46, the average of value is 1.56.
语种	中文
学科主题	水文地理学及水资源
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共53页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/7952]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李新虎. 博斯腾湖最低生态水位及沼泽芦苇需水规律[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2007.

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