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题名	塔河干流典型生态断面植被变化及其与地下水的关系
作者	王锋
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2007
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	赵成义，新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	塔里木河
其他题名	Change of the riparian forest along Tarim River and the determinative factors
中文摘要	本文选取塔里木河干流五个典型生态监测断面，对两岸植被变化及地下水位进行动态监测。通过植物样方调查、MODIS数据影像提取植被指数，选取植被生态参数，研究两岸植被变化(盖度、物种多样性指数)及其与地下水的关系，为进一步研究两岸植被生态保护与生态恢复提供基础数据和基本依据。通过研究初步得到以下结论： (1) 塔里木河干流河岸林的植被盖度、物种多样性指数(Shannon－Wiener（1949）多样性指数)，均匀性指数在垂直河道的方向上的总体变化趋势是，随着距河道距离的增加，各项值逐渐变小，变化幅度依次为0.2－0.67、0.29－0.99、0.15－1.32。变化幅度中上游大于下游变化幅度。 (2) 距河道较近的河岸林从四月到九月NDVI值逐渐增加。九月以后植被指数值下降。在洪水漫溢区，在四到六月份，植被指数逐渐增加。在八月份时候，由于洪水使植被指数下降。至九月份下旬，植被指数才有所升高。 (3) 塔里木河干流两岸的自然植被下，在垂直河道的方向上随距河道距离的增加，地下水埋深逐渐增大。在农田利用模式下，地下水埋深以农田为中心向四周逐渐增加。塔里木河干流两岸地下水位年际变化与干流河道水位变化具有一致性，但地下水位的变化较塔里木河干流河道水位变化有滞后性。滞后的时间与距塔里木河干流的距离有关。 (4) 根据Shannon－Wiener（1949）多样性指数与地下水埋深之间的灰色关联分析，塔里木河干流两岸植被与地下水埋深的综合关系度在0.73以上，最大为0.83。这说明，在极端干旱的塔里木河干流两岸，植被的生长所需要的水分完全依赖于地下水，地下水埋深的高低直接决定着植被的生长与衰败，地下水是纷繁塔里木河两岸植被的主导因素。Dynamic monitoring about the ground water table and the variations of vegetation both banks of Tarim River at five ecologic type sections was performed. With the methods of vegetation survey and MODIS index, the correlation was analyzed between the variations of vegetation (coverage agree, species diversity) and groundwater table based ecologic vegetation parameter. The results can help the ecologic vegetation protect and recovery. The conclusions are stated as following: (1)The changing trend of vegetation cover, diversity indices and evenness index of desert riparian forest along Tarim River decreased in vertical position as distance away form the river, and changing scope in upper and middle reaches is larger than lower reaches. (2)The NDVI value of desert riparian forest that adjacent river go up from April to September, then down after September. In flood area, vegetation index increased during a span of April to June, and fall down for flood from August till end of September, and then increased again. (3)In case of nature vegetation along the river ,the depth of groundwater become deeper as the distance away from river in vertical direction , and under farmland use model, farmland as the centre of increase depth of groundwater. The annual change of groundwater level and mainstream water level are consistency along Tarim River mainstream , but groundwater level changed lagged mainstream water level , and which determined by the distance from mainstream. (4)Combining grey relationship matrix analysis of the relationship of Shannon－Wiener (1949) diversity index, the integrated grey relation degrees between depth of groundwater and vegetation along Tarim River were both over 0.73, the maximum was 0.83. It illuminated that in extremity arid area along the Tarim Rrive, the water plants needs completely rely on groundwater, and the depth of groundwater as a dominant factor that directly determined the growth of vegetation.
语种	中文
学科主题	在生态环境科学上的应用
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共79页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/7898]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王锋. 塔河干流典型生态断面植被变化及其与地下水的关系[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2007.

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