| 题名 | 黄花杓兰（Cypripedium flavum）的繁殖生态学研究 |
| 作者 | 严宁 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2005 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 |
| 导师 | 周浙昆 |
| 关键词 | 横断山区 黄花构兰 繁殖生态学 种群适应 |
| 其他题名 | The Reproductive Ecology of Cypripediumflavum (OrcMdaceae) |
| 学位专业 | 植物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 杓兰属植物(Cypripedium)作为引人注目的观赏类兰花，其自然种群由于栖息地的破坏，以及爱好者的过度采集已经受到严重的威胁。构兰属植物(Cypripedium)的繁殖生态学和生活史进化研究能帮助了解构兰在特定生境中的繁殖策略和生绰潜能·以及相对的进化优势，探寻构兰种群在适应环境变化的过程中得以延续或处于濒危的原因。目前，对于分布于中国特别是横断山区的构兰种，相关的繁殖生态观察和分析都处于空白·本研究通过对横断山区分布范围较为广泛的黄花构兰(CypripediumflavumP.F.HuntetSummerh)外不同生境下的繁殖特性、繁殖配置与繁殖成本、繁殖对策、人工干扰对繁殖的影响等研究，试图探寻黄花构兰繁殖生态特性与地理分布的关系、相对的种群适应性，以及繁殖对策和人工繁育间的关系。研究发现：1．黄花构兰在四个生境（天生桥、纳帕海、小中甸和仙人洞）中的开花率、结实率差异显著。其中天生桥和小中甸的光照辐射差别不大，其开花率的差别与土壤肥力有关。黄花构兰的自然结实率很低，在四个生境中都没有超过9％。在光照辐射最强的纳帕海和光照辐射最弱的仙人洞，结实率都较低。黄花构兰的结实成功可能存在着一个合适的光照辐射范o种群密度·开花率和花器官大小与结实率并不相关。万2．在四个生境中黄花构兰开花植株的叶不少邢牛且镇株高度和叶面积要达到一定l脾a同一生境中畔越内唯株高度和叶面积＞·开花僻越o这说明黄花构兰的大植株比小植株能获取更多的母本资终在不同嚷中黄花构兰繁殖掉l饰界大小不相风体可育终不几同生境中小环障的生态因子有关·3·四个半界中衅亨邵平均大小并不决定结实率的高岭：同一蛾·中植株析高与繁殖器官大小(唇?直径、果实长度、果实周径、呈显著线性正相关。但植株叶面积与繁殖器官大小的关系是不确定的；叶面积大小与果实长度呈显著线性正相关，但与唇瓣直径和果实周径半不呈显著相关。4．在繁殖过程中黄花构兰资源的分配规律能直接反映繁殖时黄花构兰的资源利用情况。在黄花杓兰繁殖期间(开花期和果实期)，生物量、碳的同化物、氮、磷和钾在繁殖器官中的分配持续增长。此外，黄花杓兰在果实成熟后，生物量、氮、磷、钾在营养器官的分有所增加，这表明黄花杓兰在果实这个主库这种繁殖成本表现为短期成本和长期成本，短期成本是繁殖过程中同化产物、氮、终钾在繁殖器官中分配的改变。长期成本是在繁殖过程（结实）会影响到地下部分的物质积累，人工操纵的极端源库关系会影响到植株第二年的生长和繁殖。此外，由于传粉的限制，黄花构兰在自然条件下结实率低下。营养繁殖成为黄花构兰种群更新的主要方式，这可能会影响到黄花构兰地理分布的范围。 |
| 英文摘要 | Cypripediums are the most uncommon and conspicuous members of the northtemperate orchid flora. Threats to natural population of these species are due to humanencroachment on habitats, as well as exploitation by amateur collectors. The studieson reproductive ecology and life history evolution of Cypripediums are beneficial tounderstanding the relationship among reproductive strategy, reproductive potential,and relative evolutionary dominance in local environments. These studies coulddetermine the cause of population exist (persist) or extinction with adapting toenvironmental changes. The information of reproductive ecology about Chinesespecies is blank. In present research, reproductive traits, reproductive allocation,reproductive cost, reproductive strategy and influence of experimental treatment onreproduction of Cypripedhan jlavum t a species distributed widely in HengDuanMountains, were studied in different habitats to explore Hie relationship betweenreproductive traits and geographical distribution, population adaptation, and therelationship between reproductive strategy and artificial propagation. The resultssuggest that:Both the percentage of flowering C. Jlavum and that of setting fruit at four sites(Tianshengqiao, Napahai, Xiaozhongdian, and Xianrendong) were significantlydifferent The light condition has no significant difference between site A and site C.The differences of flowering percentage between site A and site C were related to soilnutrient. The percentage of setting fruit was no more than 9% at four sites. Suitablelight condition was advantageous to reproductive success of C. >7avunz.Populationdensity, the proportion of flowering ramet and floral organ size were not related thepercentage of setting fruit at four sites.Ramets of C. Jlavum with not less than five leaves were able to flower at four sites. The height and the total leaf area also had to reach a threshold size before flowering could take place. At each site, the laiger plant size, the higher probability that raraets were flowering. Larger plants likely acquired and provided more parental resources to flower than small plants. However, the threshold size was not fixed at different sites.The floral organ size appeared unrelated to differences in fruit setting at four sites.It did not appreciably affect pollinator behavior. At each, site, the height of ramet waspositive correlated to reproductive organ size, but the correlation between the totalleaf area and ..the reproductive organ size were uncertain. The total leaf areas werepositive correlated to fruit length, but they are uncorrelatedto labellum diameter and.fruit perimeter. . .Reproductive allocation directly reflects the utilization of resources in reproduction-Reproductive allocation of biomass, photosynthate, nitrogen, phosphor and potassiumincreased in flowering period and fruit-setting period,. In addition, after fruits of Cflavum maturing, the biomass, photosynthate, nitrogen, phosphor and potassium ofvegetative organ were increasing. The results suggested vegetative organ wouldproduce photosyntfaate to future growth and reproduction.Reproductive allocations of biomass were significantly lower than reproductiveallocation of the other three nutrients. Flowering or fruit-setting rennets of C. flavumexhibited higher photosynthetic rates than liooreprodsjctive ones. The results impliedcompensatory mechanisms exist to decrease the short-term cost of reproduction. ;Few resources allocated the underground of C flavum m flowering period dtae: ttecurrant reproduction. 92% carbon photosynthates were allocated to theof C. flavum in the end of fruit-setting period. Experimental manipulations smA as artificial pollination, leaf removal and fruit removal influenced next year's swmmA,, growth and reproduction of C. flavum. The results were consistent with The Fkmogfe of Allocation, which growth, survival and reproduction are linkedconstraining relationships, implying that to be the best in all ecological sitaatfcw vs.not biologically possible and to be well fitted to even one situation reqiakes, aicompromise.7. Nonrcproductive ramets exhibited lower photosynthetic rate than nonreproductive genet because nutrient were transferred to reproductive ramet connected with nonreproductive ramets affecting photosynthetic capacity. In flowering period, the ortet didn't transfer carbon photosynthates to the daughter ramet. But the carbon photosynthates were transferred to the dormancy bud to establish new ramet next year. The results implied that C. flavum response to environment through nutrient currency between ramets.8. In clonal plants, ramets of C, flavum were usually recruited by both sexualreproduction and vegetative propagation. C. flavum grows under the forest with lightcondition changes. The sexual reproduction of C. flavum restricted because of difficultestablishment of seedling and pollination limitation. Vegetative propagation is themain reproductive mode to recruitment of C. flavum. The geographical range of C.flavum may be limited because the extremely low genotypic diversity associated withclonal reproduction restricted the capacity of population to survive and adapt to(environment challenges.In conclusion, pollination and resource limitation are important factors that limitthe sexual reproduction of C. flavum. There are costs of reproduction because Cflavum exist a threshold size to reproduction. The cost of reproduction includedshort-term costs and long-term costs. The short-term cost is allocation ofphotosynthate, nitrogen, phosphor and potassium at the time of reproduction. Currentreproductions influenced the resources storage in the underground of C. flavum.Experimental manipulation about hand pollination, leaf or fruit removal isdisadvantageous to future survival, growth and reproduction. C. flavum setting fruit innatural condition are no more than 9% because of pollinator's limitation. Vegetativereproduction is the main mode for population recruitment. The reproductive modewould restrict graphical distribution of C. flavum. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-10-25 |
| 页码 | 111 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/764]  |
| 专题 | 昆明植物研究所_昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 严宁. 黄花杓兰（Cypripedium flavum）的繁殖生态学研究[D]. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 2005. |
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