Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.018

	Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment
	Amenomori, M.; Ayabe, S.; Chen, D.; Cui, S. W.; Danzengluobu ; Ding, L. K.; Ding, X. H.; Feng, C. F.; Feng, Z. Y.; Gao, X. Y.
刊名	ASTROPHYSICS
	2006
卷号	37 页码:1938-1943
关键词	cosmic rays gamma-family neural network proton knee region
ISSN号	0273-1177
DOI	10.1016/j.asr.2005.11.018
英文摘要	Simultaneous observation of gamma-families and their accompanying air showers was performed at Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet with the emulsion chambers and burst detectors which were linked with the Tibet-II air-shower array. For three years operation, we observed 177 gamma-families (Sigma E-gamma > 20 TeV) accompanying air showers with the size N-e > 2 x 10(5). Using this data and the simulation code CORSIKA, we obtained the primary proton spectrum in the energy range of 10(15)-10(16) eV. The slope of the observed spectrum is steeper than that extrapolated smoothly from the lower energy region below 10(14) eV, irrespective of the interaction models assumed in the simulation. The uncertainty of the absolute flux of protons due to the interaction model dependence involved in the simulation codes is at most 30%, which is much weaker than results of other air-shower experiments. Our experiment shows low intensity of light components (proton and helium) independent of the interaction models suggesting that the main component responsible for making the knee structure of the all-particle spectrum is composed of nuclei heavier than helium. This is the first measurement of the differential energy spectra of primary protons by selecting them event by event at the knee energy region. (c) 2005 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
WOS关键词	ELECTROMAGNETIC CASCADE SHOWERS ; COSMIC-RAY COMPOSITION ; ENERGY-RANGE ; HYBRID-EXPERIMENT ; REGION ; HELIUM ; NUCLEI ; LEAD
WOS研究方向	Engineering ; Astronomy & Astrophysics ; Geology ; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
语种	英语
出版者	ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000239306500019
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.186/handle/113462/26109]
专题	中国科学院近代物理研究所
通讯作者	Huang, J.
作者单位	1.Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan 2.Hirosaki Univ, Dept Phys, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan 3.Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Urawa, Saitama 3388570, Japan 4.Yokohama Natl Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2408501, Japan 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Particle Astrophys, Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 6.Tibet Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Lhasa 850000, Peoples R China 7.Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China 8.SW Jiaotong Univ, Inst Modern Phys, Chengdu 610031, Peoples R China 9.Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China 10.Kanagawa Univ, Fac Engn, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2218686, Japan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Amenomori, M.,Ayabe, S.,Chen, D.,et al. Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment[J]. ASTROPHYSICS,2006,37:1938-1943.
APA	Amenomori, M..,Ayabe, S..,Chen, D..,Cui, S. W..,Danzengluobu.,...&Zhou, X. X..(2006).Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment.ASTROPHYSICS,37,1938-1943.
MLA	Amenomori, M.,et al."Primary proton spectrum around the knee observed by the Tibet air-shower experiment".ASTROPHYSICS 37(2006):1938-1943.