A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094396

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	A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation
	Chen, Xiao-Hong 6; Motani, Ryosuke 1; Cheng, Long ; Jiang, Da-yong ; Rieppel, Olivier 4
刊名	PLOS ONE
	2014
卷号	9 期号:4 页码:-
ISSN号	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0094396
英文摘要	Parahupehsuchus longus is a new species of marine reptile from the Lower Triassic of Yuan'an County, Hubei Province, China. It is unique among vertebrates for having a body wall that is completely surrounded by a bony tube, about 50 cm long and 6.5 cm deep, comprising overlapping ribs and gastralia. This tube and bony ossicles on the back are best interpreted as anti-predatory features, suggesting that there was predation pressure upon marine tetrapods in the Early Triassic. There is at least one sauropterygian that is sufficiently large to feed on Parahupehsuchus in the Nanzhang-Yuan'an fauna, together with six more species of potential prey marine reptiles with various degrees of body protection. Modern predators of marine tetrapods belong to the highest trophic levels in the marine ecosystem but such predators did not always exist through geologic time. The indication of marine-tetrapod feeding in the Nanzhang-Yuan'an fauna suggests that such a trophic level emerged for the first time in the Early Triassic. The recovery from the end-Permian extinction probably proceeded faster than traditionally thought for marine predators. Parahupehsuchus has superficially turtle-like features, namely expanded ribs without intercostal space, very short transverse processes, and a dorsal outgrowth from the neural spine. However, these features are structurally different from their turtle counterparts. Phylogeny suggests that they are convergent with the condition in turtles, which has a fundamentally different body plan that involves the folding of the body wall. Expanded ribs without intercostal space evolved at least twice and probably even more among reptiles.
学科主题	古生物学
WOS关键词	TURTLE ; SAUROPTERYGIA ; EVOLUTION ; ORIGIN ; CHINA ; ICHTHYOSAUR ; VENTILATION ; SKELETON ; MUSCLE
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
语种	英语
出版者	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
WOS记录号	WOS:000334339000116
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.197/handle/2HKVOGP0/40280]
专题	中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心
作者单位	1.Wuhan Ctr China Geol Survey, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China 2.Univ Calif Davis, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA 3.Peking Univ, Dept Geol, Minist Educ, Lab Orogen Belt & Crustal Evolut, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 4.Peking Univ, Geol Museum, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 5.Field Museum, Ctr Integrat Res, Chicago, IL USA 6.中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen, Xiao-Hong,Motani, Ryosuke,Cheng, Long,et al. A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation[J]. PLOS ONE,2014,9(4):-.
APA	Chen, Xiao-Hong,Motani, Ryosuke,Cheng, Long,Jiang, Da-yong,&Rieppel, Olivier.(2014).A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation.PLOS ONE,9(4),-.
MLA	Chen, Xiao-Hong,et al."A Carapace-Like Bony 'Body Tube' in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation".PLOS ONE 9.4(2014):-.