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题名	蒙古野驴的(Equus hemionus)食性分析与行为生态研究
作者	刘伟
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	杨维康，中科院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	蒙古野驴
其他题名	The Natural Diet and Behavior Ecology of the Kulan
中文摘要	本文作者于2006年9月至2007年8月期间，在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区内，从共计120堆的蒙古野驴粪便中采集了不同季节的粪便样品和19科共54种植物标本，采用室内粪便显微组织学分析方法和室外观察相结合分析了蒙古野驴的全年食性和不同季节间的食性差异，并比较了冬季的野驴和家羊的食性差异，初步探讨了野驴食性与其所处环境的关系。本文研究结果表明，蒙古野驴是一种泛食性有蹄类动物，共见有采食17科45种植物。按科别而论，藜科和禾本科植物在野驴各个季节的食物组成中均见有采食，并且采食比例相对较大，占到了野驴食物组成的80.62～94.78％，是蒙古野驴的主要食物。藜科植物在秋季和冬季的采食比例明显高于春季和夏季，禾本科植物在春季和夏季的采食比例高于秋季和冬季，并在夏季达到最大值，为67.94％。豆科和百合科植物的采食比例在春季明显高于其他季节，而柽柳科植物的采食量在冬季有着明显增加。就具体植物种类而言，对比不同季节蒙古野驴采食的植物种类及其在蒙古野驴食物组成中所占比例可以看出：针茅在各个季节均见有蒙古野驴采食，且采食比例变化明显，冬季最低(8.88%)，夏季最高(67.04%)。梭梭在不同季节中都起着重要作用，其采食比例在秋季达到最高，为25.03％，春季采食比例最低，为10.47%。驼绒藜的采食比例相对稳定，秋季达到最高，为11.68％，冬季最低，为3.67％。蒙古野驴和家羊的食物选择在梭梭、驼绒藜和绢蒿的采食比例上均比较接近，针茅、假木贼和琵琶柴的采食比例相差较大，通过对家羊和蒙古野驴的食物重叠指数计算得出，二者食物重叠指数为42％，具有一定重叠但重叠程度不大。作者于2006年11月至2007年10月期间在新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物保护区对蒙古野驴的昼间行为及时间分配进行了研究，并建立了野驴昼间行为谱，共采集数据量为604h，观察蒙古野驴1000余只次。观察时间根据日出日落的季节性变化，各个季节的观察时间段分别设定为：夏季（6～8月）：5：00～22：00；秋季（9～10月）：7：00～21：00；冬季（11月～次年3月）：9：00～19:00。研究结果表明，在夏季，野驴有33.34±3.65％的时间用于采食，13.74±0.92％的时间用于走动，32.36±2.09％的时间用于站立休息；在秋季，野驴有51.14±2.59％的时间用于采食，8.52±0.15％的时间用于走动，32.11±2.66％的时间用于站立休息；在冬季，59.93±2.28％的时间用于采食，13.05±0.92％的时间用于走动，18.50±4.22％的时间用于站立休息。对各种行为的季节性差异进行方差分析的结果表明，采食在夏季与秋季和夏季与冬季间差异显著，而在秋季与冬季间差异不显著；走动、跑动和站立休息在夏秋冬3个季节间差异均不显著；卧息行为在夏季与冬季间差异显著，而在夏季与秋季和秋季与冬季间差异不显著。Based on 120 piles of faeces of Kulan and 54 categories of plant species from 19 families collected from Kalamaili Mountain Nature Reserve where Kulan live from September 2006 to August 2007 in different seasons. The whole year’s natural diet and food habits differences in different seasons of the Kulan (Equus hemionus) were studied by using the faecal microhistological analysis technique and field analysis, besides, winter Kulan’s food habits compared with the domestic sheep’s, relationship between food habits and the environment was discussed preliminarily. The results show that Kulan is a kind of omnivorous animal, and forty-five species of plants belonging to seventeen families were identified as food items. Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae were the two major food of Kulan in all the seasons, occupying 80.62-94.78% of diet constitution. The intakes by Kulan inclined more Chenopodiaceae in winter and autumn, however, the intakes of Gramineae were the higher in summer and spring, and the highest 67.94% was in summer. The intakes of Leguminosae and Liliaceae were more in spring, while Tamaricaceae was higher in winter. According to specific species of plants, Stipa glareosa was Kulan’s choice in all the seasons，the lowest 8.88% was in winter, and the highest 67.04% was in summer. Haloxylon ammodendron accounted for the highest 25.03% in autumn, and the lowest 10.47% in spring. Ceratoides lateens was comparatively stable in all the seasons, the highest 11.68% was in autumn, and the lowest 3.67% was in winter. The Kulan and domestic sheep’s grass consumption were closely consistent on Haloxylon ammodendron, Ceratoides lateens and Seriphidium, while were greatly different on Stipa glareosa, anabasis.l and Reaumuria soongonica. The index of overlap between Kulan and domestic sheep was 42%. We studied the time budget and behavior pattern of Kulan in the same place from November 2006 to October 2007. Data collection was 604h, and the observation time was more than one thousand. We separately chose 5：00～22：00 from June to August in summer; 7：00～21:00 from September to October in autumn; 9：00～19:00 from November to March 2007. The results showed that in summer Kulan spent 33.34±3.65％ of their time feeding,13.74±0.92％ of their time walking,32.36±2.09％ of their time standing.In autumn, Kulan spent 51.14±2.59% of their time feeding,8.52±0.15％ of their time walking,32.11±2.66％ of their time standing. The variance analysis showed that the grass consumption between summer and autumn was significantly different, which was the same between autumn and winter. For walking ，running and standing among summer, autumn and winter was not significantly different. For bedding between summer and winter was significantly different, however, it was not significantly different between summer and autumn, so did autumn and winter.
语种	中文
学科主题	畜牧学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共63页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8020]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘伟. 蒙古野驴的(Equus hemionus)食性分析与行为生态研究[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008.

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