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题名	滴灌带抗堵塞性能与临界含沙水流研究
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2010
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	陕西
导师	范兴科
关键词	滴灌带 堵塞 含沙水流 含沙量 粒径
其他题名	Study on Anti-clogging Performance of Drip Tape and Critical Sand Water
学位专业	水土保持与荒漠化防治
中文摘要	我国新疆地区降水稀少，气候干燥，属于典型的没有灌溉就没有农业的干旱地 区，灌溉是当地农业发展的最基本条件。水资源的严重不足制约了农田灌溉，因此 发展现代节水灌溉是新疆农业发展的根本出路。近年来滴灌技术在新疆得到大面积 推广应用，而大部分地区的灌溉水源主要依靠山区降水径流和冰川融雪水等含泥沙 量较高的地表水。含沙水作为滴灌灌溉水源的最大弊端就是导致灌水器的严重堵 塞，影响灌水质量和灌溉系统的正常运行。因此如何减轻和缓解滴灌灌水器的堵塞 是当前急需解决的关键问题。本文模拟新疆汛期河流泥沙进行滴灌，通过田间试验 及室内试验,分别对五种含沙水质条件下四种新疆地区大田膜下滴灌常用滴灌带的 堵塞、灌水器出流、管腔内和流道内泥沙淤积、灌水均匀度这几方面进行了研究。 主要得到以下结论： （1）相同含沙水质条件下，大流量灌水器发生堵塞的灌水器个数明显要少于 小流量灌水器；在80 目筛网过滤器处理含沙水质条件下，四种滴灌带发生堵塞的 灌水器个数最多，其中小流量滴灌带堵塞尤为严重，因此小流量滴灌带不适宜在80 目筛网过滤器处理含沙水质条件下应用；在100、120 目筛网过滤器处理和75、120 目叠片过滤器处理含沙水质条件下，四种滴灌带有不同程度的堵塞，在生产实际中 可以应用，但要根据作物在生育期内的灌水次数进行选择，小流量滴灌带宜用于灌 水次数较少的作物，大流量滴灌带可以用于灌水次数较多的棉花等作物。 （2）五种含沙水质条件下，四种滴灌带管腔内泥沙淤积量沿毛管从首端向末 端逐渐增加，在同一长度处毛管内泥沙的淤积量均表现为大流量滴灌带少于小流量 滴灌带；四种滴灌带管腔不同位置淤积泥沙中值粒径D50 最大值均是大流量滴灌带 较小流量滴灌带较靠后；不同含沙水质条件下，不同滴灌带管腔内淤积的泥沙中值 粒径D50 最大值出现的位置与易发生堵塞灌水器所处位置基本一致。 （3）粒径＜0.05mm 的泥沙可以顺利通过流道，但粒径处于0.05-0.1 mm 范围 内的泥沙则易沉淀在滴灌带管腔内和流道内，从而引起灌水器堵塞。因此，本试验 所采用的大流量滴灌带在整个灌水期内不冲洗条件下可以灌水10 次左右而不发生 严重的堵塞，宜采用的含沙水质为：泥沙颗粒＜0.05 mm，经120 目过滤器处理后 泥沙含量不大于2.4 kg/m3 左右；小流量滴灌带为满足棉花生育期的灌水需求，宜采 用含沙水质为：泥沙颗粒＜0.05 mm，经120 目过滤器处理后泥沙含量1.5 kg/m3 左 右。 （4）S80 含沙水质条件下每灌两次后对毛管进行冲洗，有利于提高滴灌带的抗 堵塞能力，尤其是小流量滴灌带。小流量滴灌带随灌水次数的增加，灌水器出流量 和均匀度变化幅度都较小；对于大流量滴灌带因其抗堵塞性能较好，则可以适当的 降低冲洗频率。定期冲洗毛管条件下，大流量滴灌带宜采用的含沙水质与不冲洗条 件下相似，而小流量滴灌带宜采用的含沙水质为：泥沙颗粒＜0.05 mm，经120 目 过滤器处理后泥沙含量不大于2 kg/m3 左右。
英文摘要	Xinjiang is located in arid area, where no irrigation means any agriculture due to rare rain and arid climate. Therefore irrigation is essential for developing agriculture. However, shortage of water seriously restricts irrigation. For that reason, developing modern water saving irrigation is the fundamental way for Xinjiang agriculture. So recently in Xinjiang drip irrigation technology gets popularization and application in large area. Most area irrigation water mainly depends on rain runoff and melt-water and so on which is surface water with high sediment. The most disadvantages of that can cause serious clogging of emitter. It is not only affect irrigation quality, but also interrupt the normal operation of the irrigation system. Therefore how to reduce and relieve the clogging of emitter becomes the key problem at present. The paper simulated the river water in flood season in Xinjiang as test water to irrigate. By field and lab experiment, clogging, outflow of emitters, deposition in lumen and channel and irrigation uniformity were studied under five water quality conditions with four kinds drip tapes which commonly used in field drip irrigation under mulch in Xinjiang. The main conclusions are listed as follow: （1）Under the same water quality, the number of clogging emitters of large flow path is more than small ones. In S80 water quality, the number of clogging emitter of four kinds drip tapes is the most, and the clogging of small flow path is more seriously, therefore small ones do not fit to use in the S80 water quality; In S100、S120、 D75 and D120 water quality, four kinds drip tapes with different level of clogging can be applied in production, but should base on the number of irrigation during the growing period to select suitable crops. Generally, small flow path emitter is suitable for less irrigation times crops, thus lager ones fit for more irrigation times crops such as cotton. （2）Under five water quality, sand sediment volume in the lumen of four kinds drip tapes gradually increases along the capillary from the head to the end; and sand sediment volume at the same length of the capillary of large flow path emitter is less than small ones; The value of sediment D50 in different position of the lumen of lager flow path emitter is later than small ones; Under different water quality, the position of the max D50 of deposition sand in different lumen is the same as the position where is easy to be clogged. （3）Sand diameter＜0.05mm can pass the channel, but sand diameter at the range of 0.05-0.1mm is apt to depositing in the lumen and channel of drip tape, furthermore it causes emitter clogging. Therefore, during irrigation period without washing for large flow path emitters which irrigate about 10 times don’t occur serious clogging, its suitable water quality is that sand diameter is less than 0.05 mm, and after treatment of 120 mesh filter sand content is no more than 2.4 kg/m3; In order to satisfy with irrigation demand of cotton, small flow path emitter suitable water quality is: sand diameter＜0.05 mm, after treatment of 120 mesh filter sand content about 1.5 kg/m3. （4）In S80 water quality，flushing the capillary after every two irrigation times is helpful to improve anti-clogging of drip tape, especially for small ones. With the increasing of the irrigation times, discharge and irrigation uniformity of small flow path emitters shows little change. For large ones the flushing frequency can be decreased, due to their better anti-clogging. In regular flushing conditions, suitable water quality of large flow path emitters is similar with that under no flushing conditions, thus for small ones suitable water quality is：sand diameter＜0.05 mm，after treatment of 120 mesh filter sand content about 2 kg/m3.
公开日期	2011-09-02
分类号	S275.6
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/4153]
专题	水土保持研究所_水保所知识产出(1956-2013)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	. 滴灌带抗堵塞性能与临界含沙水流研究[D]. 陕西. 中国科学院研究生院. 2010.

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