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	Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate
	Yu, Teng-Fei1,2,3; Si, Jian-Hua1,2,3; Feng, Qi1,2,3; Xi, Hai-Yang1,2,3; Chu, Yong-Wei4; Li, Kai4
刊名	WATER
	2017-12-01
卷号	9期号:12页码:16
关键词	pan evaporation pan coefficient water budget lake evaporation arid area
ISSN号	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w9120952
通讯作者	Feng, Qi(qifeng@lzb.ac.cn)
英文摘要	Because of its nature, lake evaporation (E-L) is rarely measured directly. The most common method used is to apply a pan coefficient (K-p) to the measured pan evaporation (E-p). To reconstruct the long sequence dataset of E-p, this study firstly determined the conversion coefficients of E-p of two pans (phi 20 and E601, each applied to a different range of years) measured synchronously at the nearest meteorological station during the unfrozen period through 1986 to 2001, and then E-p was estimated by the PenPan model that developed to the Class A pan and applied to quantify the E-L of the Juyan Lake, located in the hyper-arid area of northwest China. There was a significantly linear relationship between the E601 and phi 20 with the conversion coefficients of 0.60 and 0.61 at daily and monthly time scales, respectively. The annual E-p based on monthly conversion coefficients was estimated at 2240.5 mm and decreased by 6.5 mm per year, which was consistent with the declining wind speed (U) during the 60 years from 1957 to 2016. The E-p simulated by the PenPan model with the modified net radiation (R-n) had better performance (compared to E-p measured by E601) than the original PenPan model, which may be attributed to the overestimated R-n under the surface of E601 that was embedded in the soil rather than above the ground similar to the Class A and phi 20. The measured monthly E-L and E-p has a significantly linear relationship during the unfrozen period in 2014 and 2015, but the ratio of E-p to E-L, i.e., K-p varied within the year, with an average of 0.79, and was logarithmically associated with U. The yearly mean E-L with full lake area from 2005 to 2015 was 1638.5 mm and 1385.6 mm, calculated by the water budget and the PenPan model with the modified R-n, respectively; the latter was comparable to the surface runoff with an average of 1462.9 mm. In conclusion, the PenPan model with the modified R-n has good performance in simulating E-p of the E601, and by applying varied K-p to the model we can improve the estimates of lake evaporation.
收录类别	SCI
WOS关键词	WATER-SURFACE EVAPORATION ; HEIHE RIVER-BASIN ; UNITED-STATES ; LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS ; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ; EQUATIONS ; REGION
WOS研究方向	Water Resources
WOS类目	Water Resources
语种	英语
出版者	MDPI AG
WOS记录号	WOS:000419225500046
内容类型	期刊论文
URI标识	http://www.corc.org.cn/handle/1471x/2558066
专题	寒区旱区环境与工程研究所
通讯作者	Feng, Qi
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Northwest Inst Ecoenvironm & Resources, Alxa Desert Ecohydrol Expt Res Stn, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Ecohydrol Inland River Basin, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China 3.Gansu Hydrol & Water Resources Engn Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China 4.Heihe Water Resources & Ecol Protect Res Ctr, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yu, Teng-Fei,Si, Jian-Hua,Feng, Qi,et al. Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate[J]. WATER,2017,9(12):16.
APA	Yu, Teng-Fei,Si, Jian-Hua,Feng, Qi,Xi, Hai-Yang,Chu, Yong-Wei,&Li, Kai.(2017).Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate.WATER,9(12),16.
MLA	Yu, Teng-Fei,et al."Simulation of Pan Evaporation and Application to Estimate the Evaporation of Juyan Lake, Northwest China under a Hyper-Arid Climate".WATER 9.12(2017):16.

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