On different size hierarchy, period symmetry provides energy band structure, and symmetry breaking produces localized states in gap, for example nanostructures open electronic band gap by confining electrons, but defects in symmetry system produce localized electronic states in gap. The experimental results demonstrate that controlling localized states in gap by changing passivation environment can manipulate emission wavelength, such as stimulated emission at 700 nm due to oxygen passivation and enhanced electroluminescence near 1600 nm due to ytterbium passivation on nanosilicon. In same way, modulating filling fraction and period parameters in photonic crystal enlarges width of photonic band gap (PBG) by confining photons. Symmetry breaking due to defects is effective in manipulating photonic states. New applications for selecting modes in nanolaser and for building single photon source in quantum information are explored by manipulating and coupling between electronic states and photonic states.