Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau

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	Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau
	Zhao CM 3; Suo YL 1; Yang XJ4; Shu ML 3; Zhang LX2,3; An B 5
刊名	Journal of Ornithology
	2017
卷号	期号:页码:piblished online
关键词	Biparental Care Nest Attendance Natural Environment Grus Nigricollis Social Environment Alpine Cold Environment
英文摘要	The biparental incubation model is an excellent one for investigating how parents resolve sexual conflict and achieve cooperation, especially in cold alpine environments. We used video monitoring of 20 nests 24 h/day to systematically investigate the incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis), a biparental waterbird with threatened status (International Union for Conservation of Nature vulnerable status), inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Analysis of 3886 h of video recordings indicated high nest attendance (90.1%) by Black-necked Crane parents across 14 nests, with almost equal female and male nest attendance (45.4 vs. 44.8%). The average length of an incubation bout was 2.06 h, with frequent changeovers (10.87 times/day, lasting on average 5.05 min). Males spent significantly more time returning to the nest than females (5.57 vs. 4.65 min, t180 = −46.61, P < 0.001) after the partner left the nest. Six of 20 monitored nests failed, mainly due to egg predation, egg collection, or adverse weather. We provide the first evidence that, under natural environmental conditions, both males and females respond to reduced partner effort with diverse strategies. On average, full compensation was greater than 100% for the decreased partner effort. In this long-lived species with long-lasting pair bonds and low fecundity, a mate may overly compensate for reduced partner investment to avoid forfeiting the current breeding attempt. Our results indicate that females and males are allocated different tasks with complementary patterns during incubation, enhancing egg care efficiency in an alpine plateau environment with severe threats. Both social and natural environmental factors may shape the incubation pattern of Black-necked Cranes.
资助机构	This research was financially supported by a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (GREKF1312). This work was further supported by the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve. ; This research was financially supported by a grant from the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (GREKF1312). This work was further supported by the Yanchiwan National Nature Reserve.
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.26:8080/handle/152453/12067]
专题	昆明动物研究所_遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室昆明动物研究所_鸟类学
作者单位	1.National Nature Reserve of Yanchiwan, Subei 736300, Gansu, China 2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China 3.School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China 4.State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650233, Yunnan, China 5.School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhao CM,Suo YL,Yang XJ,et al. Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau[J]. Journal of Ornithology,2017,(*):piblished online.
APA	Zhao CM,Suo YL,Yang XJ,Shu ML,Zhang LX,&An B.(2017).Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau.Journal of Ornithology,(),piblished online.
MLA	Zhao CM,et al."Biparental incubation pattern of the Black-necked Crane on an alpine plateau".Journal of Ornithology .(2017):piblished online.