The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artocarpus nanchuanensis was determined, an Endangered species of Artocarpus in the family Moraceae. The plastome is 160,752 bp in length, exhibiting a characteristic quadripartite structure with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,693 bp, separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 89,345 bp and 20,021 bp, respectively. Further, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 24 complete plastomes of the Moraceae and Cannabaceae, which supports the close relationship between Artocarpus and Morus.