The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae

doi:10.7717/peerj.5910

	The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae
	Atterholt, Jessie 1,2,3; Hutchison, J. Howard 1; O'Connor, Jingrnai K.4,5
刊名	PEERJ
	2018-11-13
卷号	6 页码:45
关键词	Enantiornithes Evolution Late Cretaceous Fossil bird
ISSN号	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.5910
通讯作者	Atterholt, Jessie(jessie.atterholt@gmail.com)
英文摘要	The most complete known North American enantiornithine was collected in 1992 but never formally described. The so-called "Kaiparowits avisaurid" remains one of the most exceptional Late Cretaceous enantiornithine fossils. We recognize this specimen as a new taxon, Mirarce eatoni (gen. et sp. nov.), and provide a complete anatomical description. We maintain that the specimen is referable to the Avisauridae, a clade previously only known in North America from isolated tarsometatarsi. Information from this specimen helps to clarify evolutionary trends within the Enantiornithes. Its large body size supports previously observed trends toward larger body mass in the Late Cretaceous. However, trends toward increased fusion of compound elements across the clade as a whole are weak compared to the Ornithuromorpha. The new specimen reveals for the first time the presence of remige papillae in the enantiornithines, indicating this feature was evolved in parallel to dromaeosaurids and derived ornithuromorphs. Although morphology of the pygostyle and (to a lesser degree) the coracoid and manus appear to remain fairly static during the 65 million years plus of enantiornithine evolution, by the end of the Mesozoic at least some enantiornithine birds had evolved several features convergent with the Neornithes including a deeply keeled sternum, a narrow furcula with a short hypocleidium, and ulnar quill knobs-all features that indicate refinement of the flight apparatus and increased aerial abilities. We conduct the first cladistic analysis to include all purported avisuarid enantiornithines, recovering an Avisauridae consisting of a dichotomy between North and South American taxa. Based on morphological observations and supported by cladistic analysis, we demonstrate Avisaurus to be paraphyletic and erect a new genus for "A. gloriae," Gettyia gen. nov.
资助项目	Annie M. Alexander endowment ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41688103]
WOS关键词	BIRDS AVES ; EVOLUTION ; ORNITHUROMORPHA ; ORNITHOTHORACES ; INFORMATION ; MORPHOLOGY ; THEROPODA ; SIBERIA ; CHINA ; NOV.
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
语种	英语
出版者	PEERJ INC
WOS记录号	WOS:000452330300005
资助机构	Annie M. Alexander endowment ; National Natural Science Foundation of China
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/9192]
专题	中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
通讯作者	Atterholt, Jessie
作者单位	1.Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA 2.Raymond M Alf Museum Paleontol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA 3.Western Univ Hlth Sci, Grad Coll Biomed Sci, Pomona, CA 91766 USA 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Atterholt, Jessie,Hutchison, J. Howard,O'Connor, Jingrnai K.. The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae[J]. PEERJ,2018,6:45.
APA	Atterholt, Jessie,Hutchison, J. Howard,&O'Connor, Jingrnai K..(2018).The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae.PEERJ,6,45.
MLA	Atterholt, Jessie,et al."The most complete enantiornithine from North America and a phylogenetic analysis of the Avisauridae".PEERJ 6(2018):45.