Reconstructing Diet of the Early Qin (ca. 700-400 BC) at Xishan, Gansu Province, China

doi:10.1002/oa.2506

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	Reconstructing Diet of the Early Qin (ca. 700-400 BC) at Xishan, Gansu Province, China
	Ma, Y.1; Fuller, B. T.2; Chen, L.3; Zhao, C.3; Hu, Y.2,4; Richards, M. P.1,5
刊名	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
	2016-11-01
卷号	26 期号:6 页码:959-973
关键词	Western Zhou Dynasty Eastern Zhou Dynasty Millet Social Status Dietary Diversity
DOI	10.1002/oa.2506
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Here we report the bone collagen carbon and nitrogen isotopic results of humans (n = 33) and animals (n = 58) to reconstruct the dietary practices of an early Qin population dating to the Zhou Dynasty (Late Western-Early Eastern period ca. 700-400 BC) at the Xishan site in Gansu Province, China. The humans have a very large range of delta C-13 (-23.3 parts per thousand to -7.1 parts per thousand) and delta N-15 (4.3 parts per thousand to 10.9 parts per thousand) values which reflects extraordinarily diverse diets and included individuals with predominately C-3 as well as those with exclusive C-4 diets. This wide span of isotopic results produced a subtle linear trend (R-2 = 0.62) in the human data, which paralleled the animals across the C-3 and C-4 environmental gradient. However, the majority of the individuals had a predominately C-4 diet based on millet with delta N-15 results only slightly elevated above the animals, except for the pigs and cattle. This is evidence that many of the animals were likely used for their secondary products, labour or as sacrificial offerings and that pork and beef were the main sources of animal protein for the population. High status individuals had elevated delta N-15 values (10.2 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand) compared to medium (8.9 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand) and lower status (8.8 +/- 0.8%) individuals, possibly related to increased animal protein in the diet. Differences related to gender were also found with females having elevated delta C-13 (-11.2 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand) and delta N-15 (9.4 +/- 0.8 parts per thousand) values compared to the males (delta C-13= -14.1 +/- 4.2 parts per thousand; delta N-15 = 7.9 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand), but these results necessitate caution given the large number of individuals that could not be sexed. The results of this study support the view that the early Qin people were a more sedentary society focused on millet agriculture and animal husbandry, and that they were influenced by the pre-existing populations of the central Gansu region. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WOS关键词	NITROGEN ISOTOPE RATIOS ; PREHISTORIC HUMAN DIET ; BONE-COLLAGEN ; STABLE-CARBON ; TROPHIC LEVEL ; MARINE ; DELTA-N-15 ; ANIMALS ; HUMANS ; SITE
WOS研究方向	Anthropology ; Archaeology
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000390318300003
资助机构	Max Planck Society ; CAS(2013Y1JA0004)
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://124.16.247.212/handle/311034/7530]
专题	古脊椎动物与古人类研究所_图书馆1
作者单位	1.Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Anthropol, Dept Human Evolut, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Dept Sci Hist & Archaeometry, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Northwest Univ, Inst Archaeol, Xian, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Lab Human Evolut, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Univ British Columbia, Dept Anthropol, Vancouver, BC, Canada
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ma, Y.,Fuller, B. T.,Chen, L.,et al. Reconstructing Diet of the Early Qin (ca. 700-400 BC) at Xishan, Gansu Province, China[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY,2016,26(6):959-973.
APA	Ma, Y.,Fuller, B. T.,Chen, L.,Zhao, C.,Hu, Y.,&Richards, M. P..(2016).Reconstructing Diet of the Early Qin (ca. 700-400 BC) at Xishan, Gansu Province, China.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY,26(6),959-973.
MLA	Ma, Y.,et al."Reconstructing Diet of the Early Qin (ca. 700-400 BC) at Xishan, Gansu Province, China".INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY 26.6(2016):959-973.