Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole

doi:10.1002/2017JA024642

	Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole
	Li, Kun 1,2; Wei, Y.1,3; Andre, M.4; Eriksson, A.4; Haaland, S.5,6; Kronberg, E. A.5,7; Nilsson, H.8; Maes, L.5; Rong, Z. J.1,3; Wan, W. X.1,3
刊名	JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
	2017-10-01
卷号	122 期号:10 页码:10658-10668
ISSN号	2169-9380
DOI	10.1002/2017JA024642
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	The solar wind energy input into the Earth's magnetosphere-ionosphere system drives ionospheric outflow, which plays an important role in both the magnetospheric dynamics and evolution of the atmosphere. However, little is known about the cold ion outflow with energies lower than a few tens of eV, as the direct measurement of cold ions is difficult because a spacecraft gains a positive electric charge due to the photoemission effect, which prevents cold ions from reaching the onboard detectors. A recent breakthrough in the measurement technique using Cluster spacecraft revealed that cold ions dominate the ion population in the magnetosphere. This new technique yields a comprehensive data set containing measurements of the velocities and densities of cold ions for the years 2001-2010. In this paper, this data set is used to analyze the cold ion outflow from the ionosphere. We found that about 0.1% of the solar wind energy input is transformed to the kinetic energy of cold ion outflow at the topside ionosphere. We also found that the geomagnetic dipole tilt can significantly affect the density of cold ion outflow, modulating the outflow rate of cold ion kinetic energy. These results give us clues to study the evolution of ionospheric outflow with changing global magnetic field and solar wind condition in the history.
WOS关键词	POLAR WIND ; IONOSPHERIC OUTFLOW ; ELECTRIC-FIELD ; PLASMA SHEET ; MAGNETOSPHERE ; CLUSTER ; THERMOSPHERE ; MAGNETOTAIL ; ENERGIZATION ; ACCELERATION
WOS研究方向	Astronomy & Astrophysics
语种	英语
出版者	AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
WOS记录号	WOS:000419937800063
资助机构	State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; State Key Laboratory of Space Weather, Chinese Academy of Science(2017-47F-01-04) ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China(41525016 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41474155 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41661164034 ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004) ; 41621004)
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iggcas.ac.cn/handle/132A11/82420]
专题	中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
通讯作者	Li, Kun
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geol & Geophys, Key Lab Earth & Planetary Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Earth Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden 5.Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Gottingen, Germany 6.Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, Birkeland Ctr Space Sci, Bergen, Norway 7.Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Munich, Germany 8.Swedish Inst Space Phys, Kiruna, Sweden
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Kun,Wei, Y.,Andre, M.,et al. Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS,2017,122(10):10658-10668.
APA	Li, Kun.,Wei, Y..,Andre, M..,Eriksson, A..,Haaland, S..,...&Wan, W. X..(2017).Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS,122(10),10658-10668.
MLA	Li, Kun,et al."Cold Ion Outflow Modulated by the Solar Wind Energy Input and Tilt of the Geomagnetic Dipole".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS 122.10(2017):10658-10668.