农业立体污染防治的生态学思考

	农业立体污染防治的生态学思考
	杨修; 章力建; 李正; 孙芳
刊名	生态学报
	2005
卷号	25 期号:4 页码:904-909
关键词	生态学农业立体污染生态工程
ISSN号	1000-0933
其他题名	Ecological thought of prevention and cure of agricultural tri-dimension pollution
英文摘要	分析了我国农业环境污染问题的严重性、污染特点及防治中存在的问题.并依据生态学理论提出了生态平衡、结构与功能、物质循环与再生利用、负载定额、相生相克等原理应作为农业立体污染防治的重要理论基础.进而,提出了生态工程设计、生态工程技术、生态管理与调控等解决农业立体污染的技术途径.; Agro-environment pollution is a key problem existed in the agricultural development in China. Due to long unreasonable and massive application of chemical synthetics such as pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, and growth regulating agents, improper treatment of agricultural wastes, sewage farming, "three wastes" (waste water, waste air and waste residues) let out above standards, and acid rain, agricultural pollution has been aggravating continuously. All of these make up of the tri-dimensional agricultural pollution throughout hydrosphere, pedosphere, biosphere and air-sphere. For examples, the annual amount of N fertilizers applied in China reached 30% of the world's total and over 15 million tons of pure N was leaked due to overuse and low efficiency. Except for 30%~40% pesticides applied were absorbed by crops, most of them went into water, soil and the atmosphere. The annual amount of sewage in China was about 35 billion tons and 80% of it was directly discharged into rivers and groundwater untreated. The sewage farming area amounted to 7. 33% of the national total irrigation area and cultivated lands contaminated by heavy metals exceeded 20 million hm!. There were about 3 billion tons of livestock wastes each year and only less than 5 % were well treated. The annual yield of straws was about 650 million tons and 2/3 of them were burned or turned into organic pollutants. The emission of CH4 from agriculture reached 80% of the nation's total and the emission of N2O from agriculture reached over 90% of the nation's total. Moreover, there were about 400.000 tons of plastic film abandoned in fields each year, making it another source of pollution ("white pollution"). Only the township industrial pollutions might cause more than 10 billion RMB loss in agriculture each year. The interaction of pollutants from all sources made the agro-ecosystem a complicated tri-dimensional compound pollution. At the same time, pollution is spreading from the east part of China to the west along with the step of the development of west China. In conclusion, agricultural pollution has become the key obstacle that restricts the development of agriculture and rural agro-economy. However, the prevention and cure of agricultural pollutions also existed some key problems, such as paying great attention to the special pollutant treatment, and lack of systematic concepts and technological system for prevention &. cure of agricultural tri-dimension pollution; excessively stressing on economic benefits in some areas so that the unreasonable model of "pollution first, and then treatment" is popular; farmers are generally poor and absent of environment protection, and moreover the prices of high quality agro-products are not well guaranteed, i. e. the price of the agro-product does not match its quality, which goes against the enthusiasm of farmers participating in agro-environment protection. Based on the ecological theory, the authors put forward that the ecological principles such as eco-balance, structure and function, material circulation and reutilization, carrying capacity threshold, bio-interaction and interlocking are the main theoretical bases for the prevention and cure of agricultural tri-dimension pollution. Furthermore, the authors suggested that eco-engineering planning, eco-engineering technologies, eco-management and adjustment etc. should be considered as the main technological approaches.
学科主题	环境污染及其防治
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17540]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所_其他01
作者单位	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京, 100081
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨修,章力建,李正,等. 农业立体污染防治的生态学思考[J]. 生态学报,2005,25(4):904-909.
APA	杨修,章力建,李正,&孙芳.(2005).农业立体污染防治的生态学思考.生态学报,25(4),904-909.
MLA	杨修,et al."农业立体污染防治的生态学思考".生态学报 25.4(2005):904-909.