生物质炭添加对华南双季稻田碳排放强度的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.032

CORC > 中国农业科学院 > 农业环境与可持续发展研究所 > 气候变化研究室

	生物质炭添加对华南双季稻田碳排放强度的影响
	秦晓波 1; 李玉娥 1; Wang Hong 2; 李健陵 1; 万运帆 1; 李勇 3; 廖育林 4; 范美蓉 5; 朱江敏 6; 高清竹 1
刊名	农业工程学报
	2015
卷号	31 期号:5 页码:226-234
关键词	排放控制主成分分析土壤双季稻田碳排放强度生物质炭回归树分析
ISSN号	1002-6819
DOI	10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.05.032
其他题名	Impact of biochar amendment on carbon emissions intensity in double rice field in South China
英文摘要	中国农田有机物料资源化利用是一项巨大挑战。为研究生物质炭农田施用的生态效应,探讨华南双季稻田碳排放强度(greenhouse gas intensity, GHGI)对生物质炭添加的响应,开展了基于静态箱-气相色谱法的连续两年野外观测。田间试验共设6个处理,即当地农民习惯(CK,化肥,无稻草还田),3个不同用量生物质炭添加处理,即BC1(5 t/hm~2)、BC2(10 t/hm~2)和BC3(20 t/hm~2),和2个稻草还田处理(直接还田和稻草+腐熟剂还田)。结果表明,相比当地农民习惯和稻草还田处理生物质炭添加有效抑制了双季稻田温室气体排放(平均降低温室气体排放当量49.87%),显著降低了土壤容重,增强作物的碳氮养分吸收能力,稳定了水稻产量(平均增产3.54%),降低了稻田碳排放强度(平均降低52.13%)。4个生长季平均而言,相比CK、RS和RI,生物质炭3个处理分别降低稻田100a尺度上温室气体排放当量27.53%,58.65%和63.43%(P<0.05),分别增产3.21%,5.11%和2.29%(P>0.05),进而分别降低100 a尺度上GHGI 30.57%,61.00%和64.82%(P<0.05),综合而言,BC3具有较好的减排增产潜力。相关矩阵和主成分分析可视化表达了在生物炭添加影响下,稻田碳排放强度与水稻生长参数及土壤理化特性的关系。生物质炭添加影响着水稻产量、收获指数、土壤有机质、总碳和植株吸氮量等环境变量的分布。通过多元决策回归树分析,发现可通过水稻收获指数(>0.5)定量判别其碳排放强度。该研究结果表明,通过优化田间管理,适量生物质炭回田(20 t/hm~2)利用是增强土壤固碳、稳定水稻产量、降低稻田碳排放强度和应对气候变化不利影响的可行途径。该研究可为中国秸秆资源科学利用提供基础研究案例。; The resource utilization of organic materials in China cropland is a great challenge we are facing now. To study the ecological effects of biochar utilization, and explore the response of carbon emission intensity (GHGI) to biochar amendment for the long term in a double rice field in South China, two-year field measurements of greenhouse gases based on a static chamber-gas chromatography method were conducted. Six experimental treatments were set up, including 1) CK (famer traditional operation), 2) BC1 (biochar amendment at 5 t/hm~2), 3) BC2 (biochar amendment at 10 t/hm~2), 4) BC3 (biochar amendment at 20 t/hm~2), 5) RS (raw rice straw residue return) and 6) RI (composted rice straw residue return). As a result, compared to CK, all of the biochar treatments inhibited the emission peaks of greenhouse gases from the double rice field. During the four rice growing seasons, the three biochar treatments decreased the 100 yr-scaled carbon dioxide emission equivalents by 27.53%, 58.65%, and 63.43%, respectively, compared with CK, RS, and RI. The biochar treatments significantly reduced methane emissions (P<0.05) at an average reduction rate of 50.84%. Among the three biochar and two rice straw residue treatments, BC3 had the lowest methane emission potential (2.75 mg/(m~2 h)), while RS had the highest (10.05 mg/(m~2·h)). For the nitrous oxide emissions, the average value of the three biochar treatments was lower than CK but higher than the two rice straw residue return treatments (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical significant yield increase effect found in the biochar treatments (P>0.05), compared with CK, RS, and RI, as the four-season average rice yields of the three biochar treatments were increased by 3.21%, 5.11%, and 2.29%, respectively. A significant higher yield in BC3 was observed than that in RS (P<0.05). Additionally, on a 100-year horizon, the GHGI of the three biochar treatments (average at 0.33 kg/kg) were 30.57%, 61.00%, and 64.82% lower than CK (0.48 kg/kg), RS (0.86 kg/kg), and RI (0.48 kg/kg), respectively. By the correlation matrix and principal component analysis, the biochar amendment controlled the distribution of rice yield, harvest index, soil organic matter, total carbon content, and chlorophyll content, while the rice straw residue return treatments dominated the distribution of the methane flux and GHGI. In summary, based on the present study, the application of the regression tree analysis offered a quantitative alternative to decision-making in analyzing the effects of biochar amendment on ecological environment. The results of this study indicated that the biochar amendment in soils has the potential to enhance soil carbon sequestration, increase rice yield, and mitigate the carbon emission intensity and the impact of climate change by optimization of the field managements and biochar return in an appropriate amount. This research could be used as a successful case study of scientific utilization of crop straw residue in China's agriculture.
学科主题	农学(农艺学) ; 农作物 ; 环境污染及其防治
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/16878]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所_气候变化研究室
作者单位	1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室, 北京, 100081 2.Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada, SK, S9H3X2 3.中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 长沙, 410125 4.湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 长沙, 410125 5.长沙环境保护职业学院, 长沙, 410004 6.广东省惠州市农业科学研究所, 惠州, 516023
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	秦晓波,李玉娥,Wang Hong,等. 生物质炭添加对华南双季稻田碳排放强度的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2015,31(5):226-234.
APA	秦晓波.,李玉娥.,Wang Hong.,李健陵.,万运帆.,...&刘硕.(2015).生物质炭添加对华南双季稻田碳排放强度的影响.农业工程学报,31(5),226-234.
MLA	秦晓波,et al."生物质炭添加对华南双季稻田碳排放强度的影响".农业工程学报 31.5(2015):226-234.