豚草卷蛾寄主专一性风险评价

	豚草卷蛾寄主专一性风险评价
	马骏 1; 万方浩 1; 郭建英 1; 游兰韶 2; 卢德勇 3
刊名	生态学报
	2002
卷号	22 期号:10 页码:1710-1717
关键词	豚草卷蛾豚草寄主专一性风险评价风险指数
ISSN号	1000-0933
其他题名	Risk Analysis of Host Specificity for Epiblema strenuana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Biocontrol Agent Against Ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Compositae)
英文摘要	在以往豚草生物防治研究的基础上，为评价防治恶性豚草的外来在敌昆虫的安全性，以及探索外来生物作用物的风险评价方法，以豚草卷蛾为案例，进一步对其寄主安全性进行了风险评估。基于与豚草的近缘关系及以往的研究结果，选用9科36种常见经济作物、观赏植物和杂草，采用室内非选择性取食测定、田间开放条件下多选择性取食测定和室外非选择性取食分龄接虫的生命表等研究方法，对豚草卷蛾的寄主专一性作了深入研究。（1）室内非选择性取食测定结果表明，豚草卷蛾仅能在豚草和苍耳上完成整个幼虫的发育；但在强迫将高龄虫（4～6龄）接入黄花蒿、菊花（黄莲）和向日葵（白97-1和天委F2）时，有少量幼虫能发育化蛹，但不发生取食，在这些植物上完成发育只是一种假象。（2）田间开放条件下多选择性取食测定结果表明，豚草卷蛾的寄主选择性随种群数量不同而异，当种群数量增大，受取食条件胁迫时，出现风险“扩散”现象。田间供试的16种（含品种）植物中，第2、3和4代出现虫瘿（被幼虫选择）的供试植物依次为：豚草（第2代）；豚草和苍耳（第3代）；豚草、苍耳和黄花蒿（第4代）。按产卵单因子选择性风险指数（SEFRI_(1)）值分析表明，豚草卷蛾成虫产卵对豚草、苍耳和黄花蒿表现出选择性风性（SEFRI_(1) > 0.01），对两种向日葵（内蒙1号和内蒙2号）和指数（SEFRI_(2)）值表明，幼虫仅对豚草和苍耳具有选择性风险（SEFRI_(2) > 0.01），对其余14种供试植物均为0风险。豚草卷蛾幼虫在缺乏嗜好寄主植物（环境胁迫）时可出现寄主风险转移现象，转移能力随虫龄增大而增强。6龄幼虫转移单因子选择性风险（SEFRI_(3)）分析结果表明，除麦杆菊为0隐险外，对其余所有供试植物均表现出选择性风险（SEFRI_(3) > 0.01）。对3种单独风险因子的综合分析表明，豚草卷蛾仅对草和苍耳具有主动选择风险，对其余供试植物无选择性风险。（3）组建生命表和种群趋势测定结果表明，豚草卷蛾仅能在豚草和苍耳上具有种群增长，为选择性风险种群增长风险指数PSRI > 0.01），在其余供试植物上的种群增长风险均为0，与综合风险分析结果一致。以上结果表明，豚草卷蛾具有较严格的寄主专一性，其释放不会对非目标植物构成威胁。; Epiblema strenuna is an important biocontrol agent against ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). This phytophagous insect was imported to China by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as a potential candidate to control A. artemissifolia in 1990. Safety to flora in the northern region of China was a concern and the insect was not released until in 1993 on a small scale in linxiang, Hunan province, China. However, no risk analysis or monitoring was conducted after its release. In order to evaluate its safety to native ecosystems, to expand its utilization and to advance methods of risk analysis for introduced biocontrol agents, we studied host specificity on E. strenuana. Thirty-six species of economic, ornamental and weedy species belonging to nine families were selected based on the centrifugal phylogenetic testing method. A no-choice test was conducted to evaluate E. strenuana larval feeding risk under laboratory conditions, by inoculating different instar larvae on the tested plants. A more realistic multiple-choice test was conducted fro three successive generations under field conditions in three scenarios: (1) adult oviposition, (2) larval development, and (3) larval movement. Based on the probability theory, risks were analyzed in two ways. (1) Single Exposure Factor Risk Index (SEFRI) was introduced to quantitatively evaluate selection risk of E. strenuana to the tested plants. SEFRI for larval development and adult oviposition was divided into three categories: active selection risk (SEFRI ≥ 0.1), random selection risk (SEFRI < 0.01) and no selection risk (SEFRI = 0). (2) A Combined Risk Index (CRI) was calculated to express the combined exposure factor risk on a tested plant, i. e. CRI = SEFRI_(1) * SEFRI_(2)... * SEFRI_(n). Laboratory no-choice feeding test showed that E. strenuana could complete development only on A. artemisiifolia and Xanthium sibiricum. When introduced onto tested plants, all young larvae (1st～3rd instar) died; and only a few old larvae (4th ～ 6th instar) could pupate on Artemisia annua, Dendranthema morifolium (cv. yellow lotus) and Helianthus annuus but without any feeding. These three plants cannot be considered host plants for E. strenuana. Open field multiple-choice test showed that in all the 6 tested plants, (including A. artemisiifolia, X. sibiricum, 6 cultivars of H. annuus and 7 species/ cultivars of potted chrysanthemum), Single Exposure Factor Risk Index (SEFRI_(1)) for adult oviposition from three generations was 0.76～1 on A. artemisiifolia, 0～1 on X. sibiricum, 0～0.06 on A. annua and 0～0.02 on Tagetes. erecta, only 0～0.004 on H. annuus (I-M1 and I-M2), and 0 on other tested plants. SEFRI_(2) for larval survival of E. strenuana was 1 on A. artemisiifolia and 0.42 on X. sibiricum, and 0 on other tested plants. SEFRI_(3) for capability of larval selection for tested plants in non-choice condition was 1 on A. artemisiifolia, 0.59 on X. sibiricum, 0.21 on A. annua, 0 on Helichrysum bracteatum and 0.03～0.15 on other tested plants. Thus, the combined host specificity risk index (CRI) was 0.76 for A. artemisiifolia and 0.25 for X. sibiricum (active selection risk), and 0 for the other tested plants (no selection risk), respectively. The population increase trend index of E. strenuana also showed the same results. We can conclude that E. strenuana has a very restricted host range, as it can only complete development on A. artemissifolia and X. sibiricum, and poses no risk to the other plant species tested. It can be considered as an ecologically safe bio-control agent against ragweed in China.
学科主题	生物物理学
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17689]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所
作者单位	1.中国农业科学院生物防治研究所, 农业部农作物病虫草害生物防治资源研究与利用重点实验室, 北京, 100081 2.湖南农业大学植物保护系, 长沙, 410128 3.湖南省临湘市植保植检站, 临湘, 414000
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马骏,万方浩,郭建英,等. 豚草卷蛾寄主专一性风险评价[J]. 生态学报,2002,22(10):1710-1717.
APA	马骏,万方浩,郭建英,游兰韶,&卢德勇.(2002).豚草卷蛾寄主专一性风险评价.生态学报,22(10),1710-1717.
MLA	马骏,et al."豚草卷蛾寄主专一性风险评价".生态学报 22.10(2002):1710-1717.