豚草卷蛾与苍耳螟的资源生态位研究

	豚草卷蛾与苍耳螟的资源生态位研究
	马骏 1; 万方浩 1; 郭建英 1; 游兰韶 2
刊名	生态学报
	2003
卷号	23 期号:11 页码:2232-2238
关键词	豚草卷蛾苍耳螟资源生态位风险评价
ISSN号	1000-0933
其他题名	Resource use overlap between Epiblema strenuana and Ostrinia orientalis: two biocontrol agents against Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Xanthium sibiricum
英文摘要	引进的豚草卷蛾和本地的苍耳螟是取食豚草的重要天敌昆虫。为了进一步明确两种天敌种间的竞争作用，定量研究了豚草卷蛾和苍耳螟在寄主植物种类和空间上的生态位指数。结果表明，在寄主植物种类上，豚草卷蛾只取食豚草和苍耳；苍耳螟可取食豚草、苍耳、黄花蒿、向日葵、万寿菊、国庆菊、菊芋、麦杆菊；苍耳螟的生态位宽度指数(Hurbert标准值0.228)明显大于豚草卷蛾(0.069)，两者的食物资源生态重叠程度较小(Horn's指数0.318)；豚草卷蛾和苍耳螟对常用资源的利用率分别为93.5%(豚草)和59.3%(苍耳)。在相同寄主植物上，两种天敌的空间生态位表现为：随着寄主植物的生长发育，两种天敌的生态位重叠程度减小；高龄幼虫的生态位宽度指数大于低龄幼虫。在食物生态位上，豚草卷蛾主要取食新发生的幼嫩枝，并且一旦蛀入形成虫瘿后很少发生转移，而苍耳螟除低龄幼虫喜蛀食幼嫩枝外，高龄幼虫的取食部位常常发生转移，从枝型较细的幼嫩枝转向枝型较粗的老龄枝。两种天敌对豚草和苍耳实际选择作用以及对常用资源利用率存在明显差异，因此，形成竞争的程度较小，在对豚草的控制机制上形成互补作用。; Hunan province, Central China. In this area, E. strenuana had 5 generations (peak periods for the 2nd~ 4th generations were middle to late June, middle to late July and middle to late August, respectively) and O. orientalis had 4 generations (peak periods for the 2nd and 3rd generations were middle to late July and middle to late August, respectively). The first generation of E. strenuana occurred one month earlier than O. orientalis. The two insect species overlapped temporally from middle June to early September. Populations of the first one to two generations of both species were relatively low. For the field survey, 9 plant species (including 6 varieties of Helianthus annas and 4 cultivars of Dendranthema morifolium) from the family Compositae were tested. D, morifolium were potted (three plants per pot, 35 ~ 40cm in height) and put between the ragweed plant lines. Other plants were transplanted or seeded into 30 randomly distributed plots (2~3 plots per species, 20 ~50 mVptot, depending on the amounts of plant seeds or seedlings available) during May "-June. During the whole growing season, galls caused by the two insect species on the 17 test plant species and other surrounding weed plants were recorded at 7-day intervals from middle June to early September. At the same time, 3 plants of both A. artemisiifolia and X. sibiricum were taken back to the laboratory and dissected to check the presence of the two insect species in different-sized stems and branches. For the spatial overlap, only 7 samples, collected between 11 July and 22 August were taken into account, during which both species were present at high densities and developmental stages of both species overlapped. From the 9 Composite species (including varieties and cultivars) and other surrounding weeds plants, E. strenuana only utilized A. artemisii folia and X. sibiricum as host plants. O. orientalis could feed on 8 host plant species; A. artemisiifolia, X. sibiricum, Artemisia annua, Helianthus annusi Tagef.es erecta, Dendranthema morifolium (cv. Guoqing), Helianthus tuberosus, and Helichrysum bracteatum. These two insect species had significantly different preferences on the tested plant species. E. strenuana preferred A. artemisiifolia and 93.5% galls were found on ragweed. O. orientalis preferred X. sibiricum , with 59-3% galls distributed on cocklebur and others on the other 7 plant species. The Hurlbert's niche width index of O. orientalis was 0. 228, higher than that of E. strenuana (0.069). Horn's niche overlap index value between the two insects was relatively small (0. 318). Body size and feeding behavior of the two insect species were different. Larval E. strenuana was smaller and mainly fed on newly grown twigs from its early age, and it seldom transferred to other twigs after a gall was formed. However, old larvae of O. orientalis were bigger and usually changed feeding sites from small, newly grown twigs to fully-grown branches. When feeding on ragweed, E. strenuana larvae mainly feed on tender branches of no more than 6mm in diameter. Old larvae (5th~6th instar) distributed wider (niche width value 0. 34) than young 1st---4th instar larvae (0. 25). Young O. orientalis larvae (1st~3rd instar) mainly feed on tender ragweed branches of no more than 8mm in diameter, while its old larvae (4th~5th instar) mainly on branches of more than 12mm in diameter. Old larvae also distributed wider (niche width value 0.37) than young ones (0.31). When feeding on cocklebur, E. strenuana larvae mainly feed on tender branches of no more than 6mm in diameter, and young larvae distributed wider (niche width value 0. 53) than old ones (0. 37). Young O. orientalis larvae mainly feed on tender cocklebur branches of no more than 6mm in diameter and niche width value was 0. 27, while its old larvae distributed widely on all size branches from 2mm to over 16mm in diameter and niche width value was 0. 67. Comparing the niche width values of the two insect species, E. strenuana larvae always distributed wider on ragweed than those of O. orientalis. Either on stems and branches of A. artemisiifolia or on those of X. sibiricum, the overlap of the two insect species decreased as the host plant grew. On different-sized branches, the overlap between E. strenuana and O. orientalis was higher for young larvae (overlap index value 0. 69 on A. artemisiifolia, and 0. 94 on X. sibiricum, respectively) than for old larvae (0. 37 on A artemisiifolia,and 0. 72 on X. sibiricum). Young O. om>?tafc larvae and old ￡. strenuana larvae had higher overlap (index value 0. 94 on A. artemisiifolia, and 0. 97 on X. sibiricum) compared to other combinations. Within the two host plant species, no matter which two larval stages (old larvae and young ones) were compared, there was a higher overlap on X. sibiricum plants than on A. artemisiifolia. As the actual selection and utilization rate for host plant resources between E. strenuana and O. orienlalis differed significantly, the authors conclude that the conflict between these two biocontrol agents would rarely occur in the filed. The two species could coexist and provide a more efficient control of the target weed species. A. artemisiifolia.
学科主题	动物学
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17663]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所
作者单位	1.中国农业科学研究院生物防治研究所, 农业部生物防治资源研究与利用重点实验室, 北京, 100081 2.湖南农业大学植物保护系, 长沙, 410128
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马骏,万方浩,郭建英,等. 豚草卷蛾与苍耳螟的资源生态位研究[J]. 生态学报,2003,23(11):2232-2238.
APA	马骏,万方浩,郭建英,&游兰韶.(2003).豚草卷蛾与苍耳螟的资源生态位研究.生态学报,23(11),2232-2238.
MLA	马骏,et al."豚草卷蛾与苍耳螟的资源生态位研究".生态学报 23.11(2003):2232-2238.