丽蚜小蜂两个品系寄生行为及对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱的选择性

	丽蚜小蜂两个品系寄生行为及对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱的选择性
	张世泽 1; 郭建英 1; 万方浩 1; 张帆 2
刊名	生态学报
	2005
卷号	25 期号:10 页码:2595-2600
关键词	丽蚜小蜂烟粉虱寄生行为寄主植物发育历期寄生率
ISSN号	1000-0933
其他题名	Parasitic behavior and selectivity of Encarsia formosa （Hymenoptera. Aphelinidae） towards Bemisia tabaci （Homoptera： Aley-rodidae） on different host plants
英文摘要	对丽蚜小蜂两个品系（分别来自北京和美国）寄生烟粉虱的行为和在番茄、黄瓜、甘蓝、茄子及棉花烟粉虱上的发育历期和寄生率进行了研究。结果表明，丽蚜小蜂通过寄主定位、寄主检查、产卵、清扫和梳理等过程对烟粉虱进行寄生，北京品系平均产卵寄生时间为5．0min，美国品系为4．2min，品系间差异显著。北京品系在棉花烟粉虱上发育历期最短，为17．4d，甘蓝烟粉虱上发育历期最长，为20．0d；美国品系在棉花烟粉虱上发育历期最短，为16．3d，在其余4种寄主植物烟粉虱上发育历期较长（17．3～17．9d）。2个品系的寄生率均表现为番茄烟粉虱上最高，分别为37．3％和39．O％；棉花次之，分别为32．2％和35．5％；黄瓜上最低，分别为30．2％和29．6％。在寄主植物选择性试验中，2个品系亦表现为寄生番茄烟粉虱时寄生率最高，美国品系为62．7％，北京品系为56．3％，寄生黄瓜烟粉虱时寄生率最低，分别为30．8％和29．0％。; The cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Homoptera.. Aleyrodidae） is a polyphagous species that attacks field crops, vegetables and ornamental crops throughout the tropics, subtropics and temperate zones. B. tabaci causes direct damage through feeding, plus indirect damage through disease transmission, and honeydew production on which sooty mold grows. In China, B. tabaci has been considered as a sporadic pest of cotton until 2000 when its B-biotype has become an important pest in northern China. The aphelinid parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan （Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae） is a well-known biological control agent of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum （Westwood）（Homoptera.. Aleyrodidae）. Applications of E. formosa to control B. tabaci has also shown promise. Control efficiency of parasitoids depends on the geographical strain, host plant species and characteristics, and environment conditions. In this study, the parasitic behavior, host plant selectivity and development of E. formosa on major host plants of B. tabaci were studied. E. formosa is native to China, and since 1978, there have been numerous introductions from different European countries. We used two strains reared on B. tabaci kept on tomato plants, an American one and one collected locally, called the Beijing strain. The American strain of E. formosa was introduced from the USA （Texas） in 2001 and kept on B. tabaci on tomato plants in the laboratory. The precise origin of the Beijing strain is not known. The stock cultures were kept in a climate chamber （20-30℃, 16L ： 8D） for several generations before the experiments. The parasitic behavior of native E. formosa female on whiteflies on tomato was observed for 2 h in a 12cm diameter Petridish under a dissection microscope. For each E. formosa strain, there were 20 females observed in a climate room at 23-25℃, RH 60%-80%, light intensity 40001x. E. formosa readily parasitized B. tabaci. The average oviposition period of one egg was 5.0min and 4.2min for the Beijing and USA strains, respectively. To test the host plant suitability of E. formosa on B. tabaci, five plant species （tomato, cucumber, cabbage, eggplant and cotton） were included. For each plant species, young seedlings about 10- 15cm in height were checked and four intact mature leaves were left on the stem Each seedling was put into a cage of 72cm × 72cm × 72cm. Adult whiteflies were introduced into the cage to oviposit for 24-48h, after which they were removed. All the seedlings were kept isolated in the cage until the desired instars appeared. The seedlings were checked and the nymphs were counted. Each leaf was exposed to E. formosa females confined within clip-on leaf cages （Ф= 2cm）. The parasitoid oviposition took place in a climate cabinet at 25℃ for 12h and thereafter the parasitoids and the cages were removed. The seedlings were placed in temperature cabinets （day：night temparature （25±1）℃ ：（18±1）℃, 14L ： 10D, RH 70%-80%）. For each E. formosa, there were 8 plants per plant species observed. The seedlings were examined daily until parasitoid adults emerged. The development time, parasitisation rate and the number of emerged adults were recorded. For the Beijing strain, the average development time from egg to adult was the shortest on cotton （17.4±0.7） d, all values given indicate mean（SD）, and the longest on cabbage （（20.0±0.9）d）. The American strain also developed fastest on cotton （（16.3±1.3）d） and longer on the other host plants （（17.3-17.9）d）. The parasitisation rate was the highest on tomato： 37.3%±3.2% for the Beijing strain and 39.0%±3.8% for the American strain, respectively. The parasitisation rate was the lowest on cucumber： 30.2%±6.5% for the Beijing strain and 29.6%± 4.6% for the American strain. Host plant preference was tested on the same five plant species. The plant seedlings were prepared to leave 3 to 5 young leaves on each stem with around 40 B. tabaci nymphs per centimeter on the leaves. In the cage of 72cm × 72cm × 72cm, five host plant seedlings were placed randomly in a circle, with one seedling per plant species. The adults of E. formosa were introduced at a rate of 1 parasitoid to 20 whitefly nymphs and kept in the cage during the experiment. The plants were kept in a climate chamber （23-25℃, 16L ： 8D, RH 60% -80%）, and were inspected 10 days later. There were 3 cages for each E. formosa strain. The parasitisation rate was highest on tomato （56.3% for the Beijing strain and 62.7% for the American strain） and the lowest on cucumber （30.8% and 29.0% for the respective strains）.
学科主题	普通生物学 ; 昆虫学
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17513]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所
作者单位	1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 农业部生物防治重点开放实验室, 北京, 100081 2.北京市农林科学院植环所, 北京, 100089
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,等. 丽蚜小蜂两个品系寄生行为及对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱的选择性[J]. 生态学报,2005,25(10):2595-2600.
APA	张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,&张帆.(2005).丽蚜小蜂两个品系寄生行为及对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱的选择性.生态学报,25(10),2595-2600.
MLA	张世泽,et al."丽蚜小蜂两个品系寄生行为及对不同寄主植物上烟粉虱的选择性".生态学报 25.10(2005):2595-2600.