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社会经济地位差异与风险暴露——基于环境公正的视角; Socioeconomic Status and Risk Exposure:An Environmental Justice Perspective
龚文娟
2013-08-20
关键词风险暴露 社会经济地位 风险规避能力 环境公正 risk exposure socioeconomic status capability of risk aversion environmental justice
英文摘要在西方环境公正研究中,理性选择模型、社会政治模型和种族歧视模型较好地解释了有害废物处置歧视性选址和人群在环境风险中不公平暴露等问题。在当下中国,是否存在人群在环境风险中不公平暴露问题,如果存在,如何解释,都有待系统检视。本文基于北京、重庆和厦门三地有关城市生活垃圾处理风险的调查数据,分析了中国是否存在人群在风险中不公平暴露的问题,以及如果存在,哪些指标可以预测不公平暴露的发生。在此基础上,检验环境公正研究中社会政治模型在中国的适用情况。研究发现,我国存在基于个体社会经济地位差异的不公平风险暴露问题,收入、家庭资产、户籍、居住社区、职业声望及关系网络等要素,影响人群在环境风险中的差异性暴露;其中,户籍是中国区别于西方环境公正研究对不平等风险暴露的解释。社会经济地位分化的影响力渗透环境领域,环境风险分布与财富/权力分布在一定程度上反向交叠,二者强化了阶层分化。; In western environmental justice research, Rational Choice Model, Social-Political Model and Racial Discrimination Model are frequently employed to explain environmental injustice problems.Whether Chinese citizens are unequally exposed to environmental risk and how to explain the possible envi ronmental injustice, these questions remain uninvestigated systematically.Based on the survey about environ mental risk of waste disposal in Beijing,Chongqing and Xiamen, this essay examines two central questions to assess the potential application of Social-Political Model in China:(1) whether disproportional risk exposure exists in China, and if it does,(2) what indicators can be used to identify disproportional risk exposure.The results tell us that disproportional risk exposure does exist in China due to socioeconomic status differences,and the influential factors includes income, household assets, Hukou, neighborhood type, occupational reputa tion and social networks.Hukou is a key factor affecting disproportional risk exposure in China, an important finding differing from those of the Western environmental justice literature.The study suggests that the influ ence of socioeconomic status differentiation penetrates through the environment welfare.The distribution of environmental risk reversely overlaps, to some extent, with the distribution of wealth/power, and both strength en the class differentiation as well.; 教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“城镇居民社会经济地位差异与环境风险分布研究”(10YJC840025); 中央高校基本科研业务费项目“环境公正视野下的城市垃圾处理风险分布研究”(2010221013); 国家哲学社会科学基金项目“城市公众应对环境风险的能力及行为研究”(11CSH019)
语种zh_CN
内容类型期刊论文
源URL[http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/handle/2288/101735]  
专题公共事务-已发表论文
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
龚文娟. 社会经济地位差异与风险暴露——基于环境公正的视角, Socioeconomic Status and Risk Exposure:An Environmental Justice Perspective[J],2013.
APA 龚文娟.(2013).社会经济地位差异与风险暴露——基于环境公正的视角..
MLA 龚文娟."社会经济地位差异与风险暴露——基于环境公正的视角".(2013).
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