| 题名 | 中国壁虎科蜥蜴的分类和分子系统发育研究 |
| 作者 | 袁思棋 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-05 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 饶定齐 |
| 关键词 | 系统发育 分类 壁虎科 大壁虎属 弯脚虎属 壁虎属 蜥虎属 |
| 其他题名 | The Preliminary Study on the Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of the Chinese Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) |
| 学位专业 | 动物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 壁虎科Gekkonidae隶属于爬行纲REPTILIA、鳞龙亚纲Lepidosauria、有鳞目Squamata、蜥蜴亚目Sauria、壁虎附目Gekkota，是爬行类中比较原始的类群之一；广泛分布于北纬49°和南纬46°之间的大陆和岛屿等地带，能够很好适应各种生境。 本研究选取分布于我国及周边地区的壁虎科物种，测定了中国壁虎科20个种96个样本的线粒体基因（12SrRNA和Cytb）和核基因（C-mos）；以鳞脚虎科Pygopodidae的Delma tincta和Pygopus nigriceps为外群，通过最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法，分别构建系统发育树。选用线粒体12SrRNA基因部分序列和核基因cmos基因研究了中国壁虎科各亚科和属之间的分子系统发育关系；选用线粒体细胞色素b基因和12SrRNA基因部分序列探讨壁虎属Gekko内的系统发育关系。根据分子系统学和形态学特征，本研究对中国壁虎科的壁虎属、蜥虎属和弯脚虎属的物种进行了分类整理，描述了一个新属—大壁虎属Gigagekko。 系统树结果显示：（1）刺尾虎亚科Diplodactylinae首先分出，构成这个系统树的基部，是睑虎科Eublepharidae与壁虎科Gekkonidae的姐妹群；睑虎科包括睑虎亚科Eublepharinae的Goniurosaurus属、Coleonyx属和Eublepharis属和猫眼壁虎Aeluroscalabotes felinus（猫眼虎亚科Aeluroscalabotinae）的单系；（2）中国分布的弯脚虎属Cyrtopodion不是单系，来自云南、新疆和西藏的三种弯脚虎分别形成了三个分支，三个物种分别属于不同的属，即弯脚虎属Cyrtopodion、裸趾虎属Cyrtodactylus和中趾虎属Mediodactylus；（3）沙虎亚科Teratoscincinae的物种嵌入壁虎亚科Gekkoninae，为并系群，不支持沙虎亚科Teratoscincinae 的系统发生假说理论；（4）联合形态学特征和遗传距离，确定铅山壁虎Gekko houkouensis是壁虎属Gekko一个有效物种，与无蹼壁虎G. swinhonis的关系比多疣壁虎G.japonicus的关系更近；（5）壁虎属Gekko不是单系群，其中大壁虎Gekko gecko从壁虎属中分出，成为一个单系群，与同属其它小壁虎物种亲缘关系较远（遗传距离达到了33.5%），应该单独成属，即大壁虎属Gigagekko；（6）大壁虎Gigagekko(Gekko) gecko支系分成了四个分支，四个分支之间的遗传距离除了分支I和II之间为11.6%，分支III和IV之间为4.6%外，其余各分支之间的距离均大于17.0%，所以大壁虎至少存在两个种的分化，结合地理分布分析大壁虎在中国和东南亚地区分布的区域存在一个过渡地带，即云南文山边境、广西和越南边境地区以及越南北部地区；（7）采自台湾省的台湾蜥虎（Hemidactylus stejnegeri; TW01、TW03）与锯尾蜥虎Hemidactylus garnoti相聚，且二者之间的遗传距离只有0.7%；结合形态学特征，分析台湾蜥虎与锯尾蜥虎非常相似，所以推测台湾蜥虎和锯尾蜥虎是同物异名或者台湾蜥虎是锯尾蜥虎的亚种。 |
| 英文摘要 | Gekkonidae (Reptilia: Lepidosauria: Squamata: Sauria: Gekkota) is one of the most primitive group of reptiles. The Gekkonids are widely distributed in the mainland and islands between 49°(N) and 46°(S) and well adapted to a variety of habitats. In this work, 96 individuals of twenty species of Gekkonidae in China and surrounding area were analysed by partial sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes fragments of . Molecular phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods in MrBayes 3.1.2 and Phyml v3.0 respectively, with Delma tincta and Pygopus nigriceps in Pygopodidae as outgroups. We discussed the molecular phylogeny of the subfamilies and genera in Gekkonidae based on the 12SrRNA and oocite maturation factor Mos gene (c-mos). We deliberated the phylogeny of Gekko and Cyrtopodion. With support from molecular phylogenetic dataand morphological charecteristics, we arranged the taxonomy of some species within Gekko, Hemidactylus and Cyrtopodion(Gekkonidae) and described a new genus named Gigagekko. The phylogenetic tree resulted as follows: (1) The Diplodactylinae was the base of the phylogenetic tree; Gekkonidae and Eublepharidae were sister group. The species of Goniurosaurus, Coleonyx and Eublepharis (Eublepharidae: Eublepharinae) clustered with Aeluroscalabotes felinus (Gekkonidae: Aeluroscalabotinae) and formed a monophyletic group. (2) The Chinese genus Cyrtopodion is not monophyletic with the three species bent-bowed geckos from Yunnan, Xinjiang and Xizang formed three separate clades. We suggested that these species belong to three different genera such as Cyrtodactylus, Cyrtopodion and Mediodactylus. (3) The results did not support the phylogenetic hypothesis of subfamily Teratoscincinae because the Teratoscincinae species embedding in the subfamily Gekkoninae. (4) With support from morphological and genetic distance, we confirmed Gekko houkouensis as a valid species, and its relationship is closer to G. swinhonis than to G.japonicus. (5) The genus Gekko is not a monophyletic group because Gekko gecko divided from the genus and formed a monophyletic clade. Its genetic relationships with other geckos were far (the genetic distance is up to 33.5%) . The G. gecko，therefore, should be considered as a new genus—Gigagekko. (6) The Gigagekko(Gekko) gecko clade divided into four groups. The genetic distances between group I and group II was 11.6%; and 4.6% between group III and group IV. All other pairing were greater than 17.0%. This demonstrated that G.(G.)gecko had differentiated to at least two species or subspecies. Combined with geographic distribution of G.(G.)gecko, there is a transitional zone between China and Southeast Asia. The transitional zone is Wenshan border of Yunnan China-Vietnam border near Guangxi and Northern area of Vietnam. (7) Hemidactylus stejnegeri collected from Taiwan Province (TW01, TW03) was clustered with H. garnotii and their genetic distance was only 0.7%. Combined with the morphological characteristics, H. stejnegeri and H. garnotii are very similar. So we speculated that H. stejnegeri and H. garnotii are synonyms or H. stejnegeri is one of H. garnotii subspecies based on the phylogeny, genetic distance and morphology. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2012-09-25 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7117]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_兽类生态与进化 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 袁思棋. 中国壁虎科蜥蜴的分类和分子系统发育研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
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