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题名	几种灵长类动物胃肠道形态与食物的相关性研究
作者	杨贵波
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	1991
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	叶智彰 ; 彭燕章
中文摘要	本文对叶猴、白眉长臂猿、猕猴和懒猴等灵长类动物及其他哺乳动物（树鼩、穿山甲、狗獾和小麂）胃肠道的大体和显微形态作了数量化比较研究，结果表明上述灵长类动物胃肠道的形态与不同类型的食物相适应。在大体形态上，动物性食物含量大的类群的胃肠道具有较小的储存部和发酵部，而食叶顺则具较大的储存部和发酵部，其间还有一系列的过度类型。回归分析表明，随整个胃肠道的扩大，胃的增大仅次于盲肠。主成分分析结果表明，胃肠道形态特征从树鼩到叶猴有一逐渐变化的过程。这与从树鼩到叶猴的食物中结构多糖含量递增有关。显微形态学研究结果表明，食叶类胃底的结构特殊，含大量的酸性粘多糖分泌细胞，腺层薄，且有绒毛样突起；杯状细胞的分布与食物的粗糙程度有关；银亲合颗粒的多少与食物中结构多糖含量有关；潘氏细胞的有无、分布及颗粒类型有种间差异；一些内分泌细胞的分布也存在各种差异。主成分分析表明：胃肠道的显微形态在懒猴与叶猴间差异最大，其他类群位于它们之间。但红面猴比其他几类更接近于叶猴。根据本研究结果和对已有资料的分析可以看出：在大体形态上，灵长类中胃肠道的适应变化主要表现在胃、小肠和大肠各部分间的相对大小上，胃从食虫类小而简单的梨形到食叶类大而囊状县有区域化的胃，形态多样；大肠的大小在食虫中小而间单，在后发酵的食叶类中大而较复杂，在其他类群中位于二者之间；小肠的大小与其基础代谢和发酵器官的部位有关。因此，这些部位的相对大小与其在整个消化过程中所起的作用有关。然而，在适应叶类食物过程中胃的扩大和区域化是最有效的适应形式。大体及显微形态研究结果都支持这一结论。因此，可以说疣猴类具有适应叶类食物的最大潜能，它可以分布于其他类群很难或不可能分布的生境中。
英文摘要	The dietary spectrum of primates ranges from insects and small vertebrates, fruits to leaves. There is a variety of differences between any two taxa. And interspecific variations exist as well. To adapt these trophic variations, the digestive system undergoes a diverged differentiation. In this thesis the gastrointestinal tracts of leaf-monkey, gibbon, rhesus monkey and slow loris were studied with some other mammals, such as tree shrew, red-faced macaque, phayrei leaf monkey etc. compared together, quantitatively. It was shown that the morphology of the digestive system is well adapted to the diet. The macromorphology of the gastrointestinal tract shows that animals with little structural polycarbohydrate in their diet have a small storage site or fermentation site in their gut. Otherwise, a large storage or fermentation site exist. And there are a lot of intermediate types in between them. PCA results indicate a gradient variation exist from tree shrews to leaf monkeys, in the morphology of their gastrointestinal tract, which is related to the gradient variation of the structural carbohydrate component in their diets. Microscopic study indicate that the micromorphology of the cardia region is very special in leaf-monkeys, the gland layer is thin and the epithelium cells are all Alcian blue stain mucous-secreting cells, many villous-like papillae were observed in this region. The numbers and distribution of goblet cells is related to the roughages in diet. Argentaffin cells and granules are present in quantities proportional to the fraction of structural carbohydrates in the diet. The number and distribution, and the types of granules contained vary from species. Some types of endocrine cells have been observed distribute differently in these animals. PCA shows a similar position of every species in the scattered graph to that mentioned above. Based on the results and the analyses of other available data on the morphological studies of the gut, we can draw the conclusion that the adaptation of the gut in primates to the diet is the changes of relative size of each part, i.e. stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The shape of stomach varies from simple, pear like to sacculated, compartmented stomach as the diet changes from animal matter to leaves. The large intestine is simple and small in faunivores, and much developed in hindgut fermentation taxa, with a variety of sizes in between them. The small intestine is much directly related to BMR and the site of fermentation in leaf eating animals. The relative size and shape of each part is related to its function in the whole digestive process of the animals. However, it is the most efficient adaptation for the leaf-eaters to have a sacculated, compartmented stomach. Both the gross and micro- anatomy results support this point. So, it can be said that the colobines have the largest capacity for leaf-eating among primates. They with such advantages can colonize ecological niches difficult or even impossible for the others.
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-10-15
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6221]
专题	昆明动物研究所_其他
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨贵波. 几种灵长类动物胃肠道形态与食物的相关性研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 1991.

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