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题名比较系统生物学在两种人类复杂疾病研究中的应用
作者赵玉琪
学位类别博士
答辩日期2012-05
授予单位中国科学院研究生院
授予地点北京
导师黄京飞 研究员
关键词复杂疾病 比较系统生物学 动物模型 转录组 代谢网络
其他题名The Applications Of Comparative Systems Biology In Two Human Complex Diseases
学位专业细胞生物学
中文摘要人类多基因遗传疾病发病机制复杂,当前研究尚缺乏系统和整体的认知与理解。因此,必须引入新的技术、新的概念和新的模式,进行系统生物学研究,才能阐明和预测疾病发病的机理,达到有效诊断、防治疾病和增进人类健康生活的目的。利用日渐积累的海量的数据资源及高通量分析、信息科学和数学模拟方法,本课题探讨了人类与疾病动物模型的功能保守性及组织间的生物系统模型的差异。 动物模型被广泛的应用在心血管疾病的研究中。然而,利用这些动物模型进行实验,通常会发生实验结果达不到预期目标或者大相径庭的情况。为了深入探讨人类心血管疾病动物模型与人之间的差异,本课题对人类以及四种心血管疾病动物模型(小鼠,大鼠,猕猴和狗)的转录组进行了全面细致的比较。研究发现,尽管大部分基因受到强烈的负选择,有一些通路在动物模型与人之间发生了分化,例如甲状腺癌通路及氨基酸合成代谢等。并且,不同的动物模型与人之间发生分化的通路不尽相同。基因共表达网络结果还显示,基因的表达演化并不是单独发生的,而是通过形成模块共同演化的。这项研究为更好的发展心血管疾病模型以及研究基因表达的演化提供了有力的数据及方法学支持。 另外,本课题构建了老年痴呆症脑组织中六个不同功能区域的代谢网络并进行比较分析。结果显示,组织特异性代谢基因通过次级代谢过程提供特异性微环境,它们倾向于对蛋白家族其它成员或者复合体的其它组分进行功能性补充。绝大多数疾病基因在代谢网络模拟过程中表现出影响网络稳定性的特征。本研究利用代谢网络预测了119个老年痴呆症生物标志,同时显示在老年痴呆症发生过程 中,脑组织的微环境是逐渐酸化的,这与临床数据吻合。并且,老年痴呆症动物模型与人的代谢网络存在较大差异,主要表现在部分脂代谢相关基因表达状态发生了改变。该项研究有利于深入理解老年痴呆症与代谢异常的关系,将为疾病预测与药物研发提供新的思路。 比较系统生物学可为人类复杂疾病动物模型的建立及个性化医学提供有用信息,并从根本上改变我们思考生物学和医学发展的方法。
英文摘要The systems biology of human complex diseases is still in its infancy due to the intricate pathological mechanisms. New methods or strategies should be developed to elucidate the development of complex diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In this study, comparative systems biology was introduced based on the integrated high-throughput data and computational methods. Animal models have been extensively used in the study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and provided important insights into disease pathogenesis and drug development. However, the level of conservation of gene expression patterns of the orthologous genes between human and animal models has been unclear. To address the issue, we compared gene expression of orthologous genes between human and four models (rhesus, rat, mouse and dog) based on 42 normal heart samples with high quality gene expression data. The results shows although the global expression profiles between animal models and human orthologous genes are highly preserved, some pathways such as proteasome, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and GST (Glycine, Serine and Threonine) metabolism were functionally divergent between models and human. The co-expression network based on intra- and inter-species variation indicates that the differentially expressed genes evolved as modules rather than independently. Besides, we reconstructed and analyzed metabolic networks in six anatomically and functionally distinct regions of the Alzheimer’s disease brain. The results show that the six metabolic networks contain region-specifically expressed genes which provide specific microenvironment for different brain regions. Using the models, we predicted a set of 119 biomarkers whose concentrations are predicted to be either elevated or reduced because of 55 possible dysfunctional enzymes. The comparison of mouse and human metabolic models reveals that the expression states between human and mouse are of apparent differences, mainly in the expression states of lipid metabolism-related genes. Comparative systems biology may provide valuable information for the development of animal models of human complex diseases and personal medicine.
语种中文
公开日期2012-06-07
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6963]  
专题昆明动物研究所_结构生物信息学
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
赵玉琪. 比较系统生物学在两种人类复杂疾病研究中的应用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012.
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