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题名	猪的起源分化
作者	吴桂生
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2005-06
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	张亚平
关键词	起源分化野猪 家猪驯化 线粒体 系统地理学
学位专业	动物学
中文摘要	家养动物在人类早期农业文明的发展中起着重要作用，因而对家养动物的驯化与扩散的研究受到国际学术界的广泛关注。动物考古学和以往线粒体DNA的研究认为家猪有多个驯化中心存在。但较为确切的驯化地点、驯化发生的时间以及扩散模式仍不清楚。本论文测定了来自全国各地及东南亚、印度的567头家猪和159头欧亚野猪、马来半岛野猪及非洲疣猪、红河猪线粒体基因组的部分或全部序列，同时分析了所有GenBank中已发表的野猪属线粒体序列；对猪形亚目各物种的系统发育关系进行了探讨，构建了基于线粒体DNA全序列的系统发育关系树，对系统发育关系树各类群进行了系统的命名和界定，并将所有亚洲野猪和家猪线粒体DNA序列进行了单倍型类群的划分，采用平均突变距离计算了各类群的溯祖时间，由中性检验和核苷酸错配分布分析群体动态，进而分析野猪和家猪的系统地理变异模式，从中推断野猪的系统地理分化和家猪的驯化地点、时间以及扩散模式等群体历史事件：1）河马与反刍类形成姐妹群的关系。猪科非洲物种间也是姐妹群的关系。鹿猪是猪科中最早分化出来的。在野猪属中，爪哇野猪种组和欧亚野猪种组各聚为一支，为姐妹群的关系。2）野猪属中的物种起源于西瓦利克山脉，随后发生多次群体扩张事件。最近的一次扩散事件发生在约43,000年前，产生了广泛分布的一个世系。3）家猪分布在东亚世系中的两端，即位于根部的澳洲和太平洋岛屿的返野猪和印度家猪，和位于末端的广泛分布于亚洲大陆的家猪。澳大利亚和太平洋岛屿的返野猪均起源于泛印支那地区。家猪的驯化主要发生在泛印支那地区，其它地方如中国长江流域和日本也可能发生了有限的驯化事件。
英文摘要	For the importance of domestic animals in the process of agricultural civilization in human society, their origins and dispersal were widely concerned and studied. Zooarchaeological evidence and previous studies on mitochondrial DNA showed that there were multiple domestication centers for pigs. But the more exact places and when the domestication events happened were still unclear. To bridge these research gaps, we determined partial and complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of 567 domestic pigs and 159 wild boars from across China, Southeast Asia and India; partial mitochondrial DNA sequences of African warthog and red river pigs were also determined. All mitochondrial sequences of suids published in GenBank were included in our analysis. The phylogeny of Suiformes was discussed. The phylogenetic tree of Sus based on complete mitochondrial DNA sequences was constructed. The clusters of the phylogenetic tree were named according to set theory. Samples were typed and classified according to the cluster characteristic substitution mutation motif. The previously published data were also classified according to cluster specific motif and (near)-sequence match. The coalescent time of each cluster was calculated by average mutation distance. The hypothesis of population expansion was analyzed by neutral test and mismatch distribution. Through the phylogeographic variation pattern of both wild boar and domestic pigs, we obtained the following conclusions: The Hippopotamidae was the sister group of ruminants. The hippopotamus, together with ruminants was the sister group of Suidea. Among the five genera, the babirusa was the earliest that separated from suidae. Three Genera were distributed in Africa: River pigs, warthog and bush pigs, in which river pig and warthog were sister groups. Within the Sus, Java wild boar race group and Eurasia wild boar race group was clustered into two distinct clades. 2.Wild boar was initially originated from south Siwalik, and subsequently experienced many expansion events. 3.The domestic pigs were distributed either on the basal position or the tip of East Asian lineage A. Australia and pacific Islands feral pigs and two Indian domestic pigs were presented in cluster A*, while the domestic pigs in clade D were the most widely distributed in East Asia. The subclusters D2, D3 and D4 were mainly found in Mekong region. Thus, Asian domestic pigs were mainly originated from Mekong regionabout 12,000 ago, while limited domestication events might also occur in other places such as Yangtze region and Japan.
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-10-15
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6159]
专题	昆明动物研究所_分子进化基因组学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴桂生. 猪的起源分化[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2005.

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