模拟降雨条件下锥状工程堆积体侵蚀水动力特征

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	模拟降雨条件下锥状工程堆积体侵蚀水动力特征
	王雪松 1; 谢永生 1,2
刊名	Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报)
	2015
通讯作者邮箱	ysxie@ms.iswc.ac.cn
卷号	31 期号:1 页码:117-124
关键词	土壤(soils) 侵蚀(erosion) 降雨(rainfall) 锥状堆积体(tapered engineering spoilbank) 水动力学( hydraulic parameters)
其他题名	Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered spoilbank under simulated rainfall condition
通讯作者	谢永生
中文摘要	为了确定描述锥状工程堆积体坡面侵蚀动力过程较好的水力学参数，以赣北红土为主要试验材料，在人工模拟降雨条件下，系统地分析了水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率以及过水断面单位能同坡面剥蚀率之间的关系。结果表明： 1）除过水断面单位能外，其他各个水蚀因子无论是平均值还是瞬时值均能较好的描述坡面侵蚀动力过程； 2）赣北红土工程堆积体坡面剥蚀发生的临界单位水流功率为 6.8×10-3 m/s；工程堆积体坡面剥蚀发生的临界瞬时单位水流功率为 3.8×10-3 m/s，由赣北红土与砾石混合而成的堆积体材料的可蚀性参数介于 0.0053～0.0059 s2/m2 之间，要比纯红土的可蚀性参数大 20～30 倍； 4）瞬时过水断面单位能与剥蚀率之间相关性不密切（ R2=0.130），故瞬时过水断面单位能不适合作为描述锥状工程堆积体坡面侵蚀动力过程的参数指标。 4）在各个水蚀因子中，水流功率与剥蚀率相关性最好（ R2=0.972），故认为水流功率是描述锥状工程堆积体侵蚀动力过程最好的水力学参数。
英文摘要	Soil erosion newly derived from engineering spoilbank severely threatens ecological safety of construction sites and surrounding areas. Engineering spoilbank with three-dimensional is quite different from the traditional slope, as a result, to study the hydrodynamic process of a three-dimensional engineering spoilbank is of great necessity. In this study, in order to find the best hydrodynamic parameters that can describe the hydrodynamic process of soil erosion caused by tapered engineering spoilbank, laterite collected from the north area of Jiangxi province was selected as the main test material and variations in hydraulic parameters (flow shear stress, stream power, unit stream power, unit energy of water-carrying section)of overland flow were studied experimentally. This study was processed in inner-door rainfall experimental condition. Three kinds of artificial intensities (1.0 mm/min, 1.5mm/min, 2.0 mm/min) and three gravel content (10%, 20%, 30%) were designed. Every experiment persisted 33min when there was no erosion gully occurring on the surface of the tapered engineering spoilbank. The result shows that: 1) instantaneous value and average value of independent hydrodynamic parameter were closely related to soil detachment rate except the cross-section specific energy. To be more specific, both the flow shear stress and the instantaneous flow shear stress had a significant power function relation with the corresponding detachment rate and this relationship also occurred between the stream power and the detachment rate, while, the relationship between unit stream power (or the instantaneous unit stream power) and the detachment rate (or the instantaneous detachment rate) was linear. In terms of the cross-section specific energy, its instantaneous value had no obvious relations with the instantaneous detachment rate though its average value had a power function with the average detachment rate; 2) critical unit stream power for surface erosion of the tapered spoilbank was 6.8×10-3 m/s, and the critical instantaneous value of surface erosion parameter tended to be less 3.8×10-3 m/s. Moreover, the erodibility parameter of experimental material was about 0.0053-0.0059 s2/m2, and that was 20-30 times larger than the pure clay. So, soil mixed with gravel on the spoillbank surface was more easily carried away by the overland flow than the pure clay with no stirred; 3) the relevance between the instantaneous cross-section specific energy and the instantaneous detachment rate was extremely low (R2=0.130), so instantaneous cross-section specific energy was not suitable to be a hydrodynamic parameter describing the hydrodynamic process of soil erosion caused by tapered engineering spoilbank; 4) according to values of fitting effect, the parameters tested should be ranked in the order of stream power>instantaneous stream power>unit stream power>flow shear stress>instantaneous unit stream power>instantaneous flow shear stress>cross-section specific energy, obviously stream power had the best correlation (power function) with the soil detachment rate (R2=0.972). So stream power was the best one of all the hydrodynamic parameters tested to describe the hydrodynamic process of soil erosion caused by tapered engineering spoilbank. Stream power tends to be more scientific to study the erosion process of tapered engineering spoilbank on the energy hand. In summary, the hydrodynamic process of a tapered engineering spoilbank is quite different from that of a slope. The result obtained may lay the foundation for the establishment of process-based model of soil erosion caused by engineering spoilbank,and provide a scientific guidance for comprehensive control of soil and water loss in production and construction areas.
分类号	S157.1; S152.3(中图分类号)
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/7737]
专题	水土保持研究所_水保所科研产出（EI）_2015年EI
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100 2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，杨凌 712100
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王雪松,谢永生. 模拟降雨条件下锥状工程堆积体侵蚀水动力特征[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2015,31(1):117-124.
APA	王雪松,&谢永生.(2015).模拟降雨条件下锥状工程堆积体侵蚀水动力特征.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),31(1),117-124.
MLA	王雪松,et al."模拟降雨条件下锥状工程堆积体侵蚀水动力特征".Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报) 31.1(2015):117-124.